{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:00:50Z","timestamp":1772118050883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451\u201007\u2010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451\u201007\u2010009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013879","name":"International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterized by, among others, amnesic episodes and the recurrence of different dissociative identity states. While consistently observed in clinical settings, to our knowledge, no controlled research study has shown the degree to which different identity states report autobiographical knowledge over time. Hence, the current study investigates self\u2010relevance and emotional intensity ratings of words longitudinally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data of 46 participants were included: 13 individuals with DID, 11 DID\u2010simulating actors, and a control group of 22 paired individuals. Individuals with DID and DID simulators participated once in the neutral identity state (NIS) and once in the trauma\u2010related dissociative identity state (TIS). The control group paired 11 healthy controls with 11 participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a NIS\u2013TIS pair. Self\u2010relevance ratings of different word types were collected in a baseline and a follow\u2010up session, on average 6\u00a0weeks apart. A mixed ANOVA design was used to assess the effects of group, session, word type, and dissociative identity state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants in TIS and individuals with DID in NIS rated self\u2010relevant trauma\u2010related words more negatively. In the NIS, the control group rated self\u2010relevant trauma\u2010related words as less negative, whereas the ratings of simulating actors were intermediate. There was no group\u2010dependent longitudinal effect for intensity ratings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was the first to confirm clinical observations that self\u2010relevant and emotional processing are different between individuals with DID and controls, but consistent over time. Actors were unable to perfectly simulate DID. The finding that ratings of self\u2010relevant trauma\u2010related words differ between subgroups as included in the study is in line with clinical observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T10:13:50Z","timestamp":1695032030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identity state\u2010dependent self\u2010relevance and emotional intensity ratings of words in dissociative identity disorder: A controlled longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6030-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini I.","family":"Strouza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eline M.","family":"Vissia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heelzorg Centre for Psychotrauma Zwolle The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreana","family":"Kakouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayse","family":"Akan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK"},{"name":"North East London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellert R. 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