{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:57:18Z","timestamp":1791496638166,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2503800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2503800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1307500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1307500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7232045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7232045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z200024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z200024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    : There is a complex, bidirectional relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy. However, the causality of this association is unclear, as confounders play a role in this association.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to clarify the causal relationship and direction of epilepsy on AD risk. We used publicly available summary statistics to obtain all genetic datasets for the MR analyses. AD and AD\u2010by\u2010proxy and late\u2010onset AD (LOAD) cohorts were included in our study. The epilepsy cohort comprised all epilepsy, generalized epilepsy, focal epilepsy, and its subtypes, as well as some epilepsy syndromes. Next, we conducted validation using another AD cohort.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Two correlations between AD and epilepsy using the inverse variance\u2010weighted (IVW) method are as follows: LOAD and focal epilepsy (OR\n                    <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.079,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.013), focal epilepsy\u2010documented hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and AD (OR\n                    <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.152,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.017). The causal relationship between epilepsy\u2010documented HS and AD has been validated (OR\n                    <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a03.994,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.027).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Our MR study provides evidence for a causal relationship between focal epilepsy\u2010documented HS and AD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T22:58:19Z","timestamp":1693868299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The bidirectional relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4796-5040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianping","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2006.00554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101157.1999.tb00748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010022\u201001024\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000338626.93425.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010017\u20100255\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1446\u201019.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010genom\u2010090314\u2010050016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2006.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201007524\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010020\u20100815\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980\u201057642014DN81000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.9.1395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910\u2010007\u20100053\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010020\u201000776\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13744"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)32596\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100099\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(17)30044\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6692974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201002317\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.01.003"}],"container-title":["Brain 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