{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T17:33:11Z","timestamp":1776360791431,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In myasthenia gravis (MG), depression and anxiety have frequently been reported as comorbidities. However, little is known about personality characteristics in MG patients. We aimed to characterise personality traits in MG and to correlate them with disease severity and disease course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Big Five Inventory data questionnaire was used to investigate personality traits in 44 MG patients and 45 healthy controls similar in age and gender. In 28 MG patients, a caregiver was also available for patient assessments to limit bias associated with social desirability in patients\u2019 responses. Patients were assessed with regard to premorbid personality (before manifestation of MG) and to present condition. In addition, anxiety and depression scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory) were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to controls, MG patients showed significantly higher levels of neuroticism, whereas openness and extraversion were significantly lower. Agreeableness and conscientiousness did not differ between groups. Neuroticism was influenced by disease severity such as generalization of weakness, presence of thymoma, and bulbar involvement as well as disease duration. Neuroticism correlated with premorbid level of neuroticism but also with depression and anxiety scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A personality profile of increased neuroticism and lower openness and extraversion in MG patients may contribute considerably to the perception of disease severity. It may also be related to frequent comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Although premorbid levels of neuroticism were increased, this characteristic may also increase considerably during the course of the disease. The data indicate that muscle weakness in MG is accompanied or even complicated by psychological aspects. Therefore, a psychological and behavioral intervention in addition to the specific pharmacological therapy might be of particular value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T01:45:07Z","timestamp":1692755107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Personality factors in patients with myasthenia gravis: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5021-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berit","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Section Neuropsychology Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Dorte","family":"Sperfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology S\u00e4chsisches Krankenhaus Altscherbitz  Schkeuditz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Zierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle\/Saale Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000512077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010019\u201009374\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/j.jegh.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jnd\u2010210722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010021\u201010902\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jnd\u2010210693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u2010006x.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Beck A. T. &Margraf J.(2007).\u201cBAI. Beck\u2010Angst\u2010Inventar deutsche Fassung\u201d Pearson Deutschland GmbH Frankfurt\/Main."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010020\u201001802\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Borkenau P. &Ostendorf F.(2008).NEO\u2010F\u00fcnf\u2010Faktoren\u2010Inventar nach Costa und McCrae NEO\u2010FFI Manual.G\u00f6ttingen Hogrefe."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0033\u20103182(96)71534\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.605902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2021.07.396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105306066610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Deutsche adaptation der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)","author":"Herrmann\u2010Lingen C.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues","author":"John O. P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109450.2012.00969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010021\u201010891\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00451"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Age and gender might influence big five factors of personality: A preliminary report in Indian population","volume":"58","author":"Magan D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20106494.2012.00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862\u2010005\u20105384\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"SF\u201036 Fragebogen zum Gesundheitszustand: Deutsche Version des Short Form\u201036 Health Survey. Hogrefe","author":"Morfeld M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010019\u20102189\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102016\u2010013278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.4.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2022.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419832242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010008\u20100001\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nrl.0000000000000238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102011\u2010000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jnd\u2010160155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.52.7.1487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002828"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.3228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T02:02:32Z","timestamp":1699581752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.3228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.3228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.3228","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3228\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3228\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3228\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3228\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e3228"}}