{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T08:05:03Z","timestamp":1753862703670,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational studies have suggested an association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) and myasthenia gravis (MG). Here, we aimed to estimate the genetic correlation and causal relationship between COVID\u201019 susceptibility, hospitalization, severity, and MG phenotypes using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Summary statistics of COVID\u201019 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity were used as instrumental variables for exposure traits. Large\u2010scale genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) data for MG were used as outcome traits. The inverse variance weighted approach was used for the main MR analysis, complemented by MR\u2010Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Sensitivity analysis was implemented using Cochran's <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> test, MR\u2010PRESSO method, and MR\u2010Egger intercept test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LDSC analysis did not reveal any genetic correlation among COVID\u201019 susceptibility, hospitalization, severity, and MG phenotypes, including MG, early\u2010onset MG, and late\u2010onset MG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). Our MR analysis did not provide evidence supporting a causal effect of COVID\u201019 susceptibility, hospitalization, or severity on MG phenotypes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). Extensive sensitivity analysis strengthened the robustness and consistency of the MR estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study did not find evidence of a genetic correlation or causal relationship among COVID\u201019 susceptibility, hospitalization, severity, and MG. Future studies with more GWAS data are needed to evaluate the association between COVID\u201019 phenotypes and MG and its subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T09:45:07Z","timestamp":1693215907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between COVID\u201019 and myasthenia gravis (MG): A genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dongren","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangdan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 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