{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T22:14:01Z","timestamp":1784326441835,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008582","name":"McGill University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Executive function deficits and adverse psychological outcomes are common in youth with congenital heart disease (CHD) or born preterm. Association white matter bundles play a critical role in higher order cognitive and emotional functions and alterations to their microstructural organization may result in adverse neuropsychological functioning. This study aimed to examine the relationship of myelination and axon density and orientation alterations within association bundles with executive functioning, psychosocial well\u2010being, and resilience in youth with CHD or born preterm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Youth aged 16 to 26 years born with complex CHD or preterm at \u226433 weeks of gestational age and healthy controls completed a brain MRI and self\u2010report assessments of executive functioning, psychosocial well\u2010being, and resilience. Multicomponent driven equilibrium single\u2010pulse observation of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were used to calculate average myelin water fraction (MWF), neurite density index (NDI), and orientation dispersion index values for eight bilateral association bundles. The relationships of bundle\u2010average metrics with neuropsychological outcomes were explored with linear regression and mediation analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the CHD group, lower MWF in several bundles was associated with poorer working memory and behavioral self\u2010monitoring and mediated self\u2010monitoring deficits relative to controls. In the preterm group, lower NDI in several bundles was associated with poorer emotional control and lower MWF in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus III mediated planning\/organizing deficits relative to controls. No significant relationships were observed for psychosocial well\u2010being or resilience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this study suggest that microstructural alterations to association bundles, including lower myelination and axon density, have different relationships with executive functioning in youth with CHD and youth born preterm. Future studies should aim to characterize other neurobiological, social, and environmental influences that may interact with white matter microstructure and neuropsychological functioning in these at\u2010risk individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T01:34:46Z","timestamp":1700876086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["White matter microstructure is differently associated with executive functioning in youth born with congenital heart disease and youth born preterm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Easson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advances in Brain &amp; Child Development (ABCD) Research Laboratory Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Khairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Montreal Children's Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles V.","family":"Rohlicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Montreal Children's Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Clinical Science Philips Healthcare  Mississauga Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Majnemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"School of Physical &amp; Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology Montreal Children's Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim\u2010Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuy Mai","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9lise","family":"Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Montreal Children's Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Monique","family":"Nuyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean C. 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