{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:02:41Z","timestamp":1772118161011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by specific alterations of mood. In both disorders, alterations in cognitive domains such as impulsivity, decision\u2010making, and risk\u2010taking have been reported. Identification of similarities and differences of these domains in BD and MDD could give further insight into their etiology. The present study assessed impulsivity, decision\u2010making, and risk\u2010taking behavior in BD and MDD patients from bipolar multiplex families.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty\u2010two participants (BD type I,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a025; MDD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a026; healthy relatives (HR),\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a017; and healthy controls (HC),\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014) underwent diagnostic interviews and selected tests of a cognitive battery assessing neurocognitive performance across multiple subdomains including impulsivity (response inhibition and delay aversion), decision\u2010making, and risk behavior. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to analyze whether the groups differed in the respective cognitive domains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with BD and MDD showed higher impulsivity levels compared to HC; this difference was more pronounced in BD participants. BD participants also showed lower inhibitory control than MDD participants. Overall, suboptimal decision\u2010making was associated with both mood disorders (BD and MDD). In risk\u2010taking behavior, no significant impairment was found in any group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As sample size was limited, it is possible that differences between BD and MDD may have escaped detection due to lack of statistical power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings show that alterations of cognitive domains\u2014while present in both disorders\u2014are differently associated with BD and MDD. This underscores the importance of assessing such domains in addition to mere diagnosis of mood disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T05:18:35Z","timestamp":1702963115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impulsivity, decision\u2010making, and risk behavior in bipolar disorder and major depression from bipolar multiplex families"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Almudena","family":"Ram\u00edrez\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, University General Hospital of Malaga Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Sirignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Streit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome C.","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Forstner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; 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