{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:19:50Z","timestamp":1791623990236,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The existing literature on the association between brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels and panic disorder presents inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aim to synthesize the available evidence and determine the overall effect of BDNF protein levels in individuals diagnosed with panic disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) from inception to April 21, 2023. The search strategy included relevant keywords and medical subject headings terms related to BDNF, panic disorder, and protein levels. A random\u2010effects model was used for the meta\u2010analysis, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and statistical tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta\u2010analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in BDNF protein levels in individuals with panic disorder (SMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.53, 95% CI: \u22121.02 to \u2212.04,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 92%). The results of subgroup and meta\u2010regression analyses were not statistically significant. No significant publication bias was observed based on the results of Egger's regression test (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value\u00a0=\u00a0.3550).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis provide evidence of lower BDNF protein levels in individuals diagnosed with panic disorder compared to healthy controls. The findings suggest a potential role for BDNF dysregulation in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T22:01:13Z","timestamp":1704060073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in panic disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1941-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Shafiee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Alborz University of Medical Sciences  Karaj Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Alborz University of Medical Sciences  Karaj 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