{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:25:27Z","timestamp":1790889927446,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Identifying distinct clinical clusters and their relevant biomarkers could elucidate the underlying disease pathophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following the Enroll\u2010HD program initiated in 2018.09, we have recruited 104 HD patients (including 21 premanifest) and 31 health controls at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Principal components analysis and k\u2010means cluster analysis were performed to determine HD clusters. Chi\u2010square test, one\u2010way ANOVA, and covariance were used to identify features among these clusters. Furthermore, plasma cytokines levels and brain structural imaging were used as biomarkers to delineate the clinical features of each cluster.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 demonstrated the most severe motor and nonmotor symptoms except for chorea, the lowest whole brain volume, the plasma levels of IL\u20102 were higher and significantly associated with cluster 1. Cluster 2 was characterized with the most severe chorea and the largest pallidum volume. Cluster 3 had the most benign motor symptoms but moderate psychiatric problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have identified three HD clusters via clinical manifestations with distinct biomarkers. Our data shed light on better understanding about the pathophysiology of HD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T05:48:31Z","timestamp":1710740911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identifying and verifying Huntington's disease subtypes: Clinical features, neuroimaging, and cytokine changes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ling\u2010Xiao","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Hui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6051-2241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Pharmacology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aat1482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-023-02329-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.220111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaser C. 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