{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:42:13Z","timestamp":1788968533559,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1F1A1060778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1060778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HR18C0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR18C0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual field defects (VFDs) represent a debilitating poststroke complication, characterized by unseen parts of the visual field. Visual perceptual learning (VPL), involving repetitive visual training in blind visual fields, may effectively restore visual field sensitivity in cortical blindness. This current multicenter, double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial investigated the efficacy and safety of VPL\u2010based digital therapeutics (Nunap Vision [NV]) for treating poststroke VFDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stroke outpatients with VFDs (&gt;6 months after stroke onset) were randomized into NV (defective field training) or Nunap Vision\u2010Control (NV\u2010C, central field training) groups. Both interventions provided visual perceptual training, consisting of orientation, rotation, and depth discrimination, through a virtual reality head\u2010mounted display device 5 days a week for 12 weeks. The two groups received VFD assessments using Humphrey visual field (HVF) tests at baseline and 12\u2010week follow\u2010up. The final analysis included those completed the study (NV,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a040; NV\u2010C,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a035). Efficacy measures included improved visual area (sensitivity \u22656\u00a0dB) and changes in the HVF scores during the 12\u2010week period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With a high compliance rate, NV and NV\u2010C training improved the visual areas in the defective hemifield (&gt;72 degrees\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and the whole field (&gt;108 degrees\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), which are clinically meaningful improvements despite no significant between\u2010group differences. According to within\u2010group analyses, mean total deviation scores in the defective hemifield improved after NV training (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.03) but not after NV\u2010C training (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.12).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current trial suggests that VPL\u2010based digital therapeutics may induce clinically meaningful visual improvements in patients with poststroke VFDs. Yet, between\u2010group differences in therapeutic efficacy were not found as NV\u2010C training exhibited unexpected improvement comparable to NV training, possibly due to learning transfer effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T01:46:40Z","timestamp":1716342400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Digital therapeutics using virtual reality\u2010based visual perceptual learning for visual field defects in stroke: A double\u2010blind randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eun","family":"Namgung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun U.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon\u2010Ku","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyeong\u2010Moon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hahn Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang\u2010Yeol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chung\u2010Ang University Hospital, Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moonju","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nunaps Inc.  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