{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:55:22Z","timestamp":1784591722454,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82230068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81830057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81830057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81322020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81322020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81230032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81230032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["811713 to LJZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["811713 to LJZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81401468 to GFY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81401468 to GFY"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81601486 to SL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601486 to SL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82127806 to GML"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82127806 to GML"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["021414380531 to GML"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["021414380531 to GML"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication of liver diseases characterized by neuroinflammation. The efficacies of nonabsorbable rifaximin (RIF) and lactulose (LAC) have been well documented in the treatment of HE. [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]PBR146 is a translocator protein (TSPO) radiotracer used for in vivo neuroinflammation imaging. This study investigated anti\u2010neuroinflammation effect of RIF or\/and LAC in chronic HE rats by [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]PBR146 micro\u2010PET\/CT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bile duct ligation (BDL) operation induced chronic HE models, and this study included Sham+normal saline (NS), BDL+NS, BDL+RIF, BDL+LAC, and BDL+RIF+LAC groups. Behavioral assessment was performed to analyze the motor function, and fecal samples were collected after successfully established the chronic HE model (more than 28 days post\u2010surgery). In addition, fecal samples collection and micro\u2010PET\/CT scans were performed sequentially. And we also collected the blood plasma, liver, intestinal, and brain samples after sacrificing the rats for further biochemical and pathological analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The RIF\u2010 and\/or LAC\u2010treated BDL rats showed similar behavioral results with Sham+NS group, while the treatment could not reverse the biliary obstruction resulting in sustained liver injury. The RIF or\/and LAC treatments can inhibit IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201010 productions. The global brain uptake values of [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]PBR146 in BDL+NS group was significantly higher than other groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.0001). The brain regions analysis showed that the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex had radiotracer uptake differences among groups (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.05), which were consistent with the brain immunohistochemistry results. Sham+NS group was mainly enriched in Christensenella, Coprobacillus, and Pseudoflavonifractor. BDL+NS group was mainly enriched in Barnesiella, Alloprevotella, Enterococcus, and Enterorhabdus. BDL+RIF+LAC group was enriched in Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Parasutterella.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RIF or\/and LAC had anti\u2010neuroinflammation in BDL\u2010induced chronic HE rats with gut microbiota alterations. The [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]PBR146 could be used for monitoring RIF or\/and LAC treatment efficacy of chronic HE rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T01:13:15Z","timestamp":1720228395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of rifaximin and lactulose treatments to chronic hepatic encephalopathy rats: An [\n                    <sup>18<\/sup>\n                    F]PBR146 in\u2010vivo neuroinflammation imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi Yao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui Fen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang Ming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long Jiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Jinling Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395\u2010018\u20100179\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.236083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139\u2010017\u20100475\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.039206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/55184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm7014556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010022\u201000366\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010016\u20100604\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010022\u201002688\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202004_20822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396\u2010019\u20100364\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22183.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.678144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.15362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201016990\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011\u2010018\u20100282\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201008864\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.263200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011\u2010017\u20100098\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2023.2183386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i17.2084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.4746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1000850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2017.70.5.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259\u2010021\u201005379\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00107.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867329666220329204054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00791\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915\u2010019\u20100699\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2968"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.3621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T12:52:20Z","timestamp":1722257540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.3621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.3621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.3621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.3621\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e3621"}}