{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T08:30:50Z","timestamp":1778229050498,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare clinical expressions (severity and loneliness), lifestyle factors (substance use), and vulnerability indicators (stressful childhood experiences) in patients with any same\u2010sex attraction versus heterosexual patients diagnosed with depression and\/or anxiety disorder. Little is known about this, even though it is now well documented that depression and anxiety are more prevalent among persons with same\u2010sex attraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data, derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NESDA<\/jats:styled-content>), allowed us to compare patients with a same\u2010sex (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>122) and an exclusively opposite\u2010sex (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>1658) attraction. Persons with same\u2010sex attraction included persons who were attracted to both sexes. Data were collected by means of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and paper\u2010and pencil questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven percent of the patients reported any same\u2010sex orientation. Clinical expression of depression and anxiety did not differ in relation to sexual attraction. Regarding substance use, same\u2010sex attracted women reported more drug use than heterosexual women (drug use: 16.2% vs. 6.6%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003). Regarding stressful childhood experiences, men with any same\u2010sex attraction reported more sexual abuse during childhood than men with a heterosexual orientation (20.4% vs. 8.5%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For women with same\u2010sex attraction substance use (especially illicit drug use) might be a coping mechanism to deal with existing symptoms or with the minority stressors they have to deal with; for same\u2010sex attracted men stressful childhood experiences might reflect an aspect of etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T16:32:02Z","timestamp":1436891522000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Depression and anxiety in patients with and without same\u2010sex attraction: differences in clinical expression, lifestyle factors, and vulnerability indicators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Henny M. 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