{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:09:57Z","timestamp":1791295797667,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DOD CDMRP","award":["W81-XWH1020199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81-XWH1020199"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that cerebral alterations in edema, perfusion, and\/or intracranial pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content>) are related to the development of acute mountain sickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To vary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content>, we manipulated ambient oxygen, barometric pressure, and exercise duration. Thirty\u2010six subjects were tested before, during and after 8 h exposures in (1) normobaric normoxia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NN<\/jats:styled-content>; 300\u00a0m elevation equivalent); (2) normobaric hypoxia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NH<\/jats:styled-content>; 4400\u00a0m equivalent); and (3) hypobaric hypoxia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content>; 4400\u00a0m equivalent). After a passive 15 min ascent, each subject participated in either 10 or 60\u00a0min of cycling exercise at 50% of heart rate reserve. We measured tissue absorption and scattering via radio\u2010frequency near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content>), optic nerve sheath diameter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ONSD<\/jats:styled-content>) via ultrasound, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms before, during, and after environmental exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed significant increases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content> tissue scattering of 0.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.11\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) in subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content> (i.e., <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content>+), consistent with mildly increased cerebral edema. We also noted a small, but significant increase in total hemoglobin concentrations with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content>+, 3.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>molL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0005), consistent with increased cerebral perfusion. No effect of exercise duration was found, nor did we detect differences between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ONSD<\/jats:styled-content> assays documented a small but significant increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ONSD<\/jats:styled-content> (0.11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.02\u00a0mm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0005) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content>+, suggesting mildly elevated ICP, as well as further increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ONSD<\/jats:styled-content> with longer exercise duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content>+, we found evidence of cerebral edema, elevated cerebral perfusion, and elevated ICP. The observed changes were small but consistent with the reversible nature of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T06:28:14Z","timestamp":1454653694000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Evidence for cerebral edema, cerebral perfusion, and intracranial pressure elevations in acute mountain sickness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Dana M.","family":"DiPasquale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Muza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Medicine and Military Performance Division U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts"},{"name":"Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Stuart","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Wilderness Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary E.","family":"Strangman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts"},{"name":"Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000244807.99073.ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00704.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-8266(02)00036-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471725153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4266.2015","article-title":"Hypoxia, hypobaria and exercise duration affect acute mountain sickness","volume":"86","author":"DiPasquale D. 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