{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:31:51Z","timestamp":1791304311160,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Centre of Science","award":["NSC DEC-2011\/01\/B\/NZ5\/05346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC DEC-2011\/01\/B\/NZ5\/05346"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid diseases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>s) frequently accompany myasthenia gravis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>) and may influence its course. We aimed to determine the association and impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content> with early\u2010 (&lt;50\u00a0years), late\u2010onset <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>, or thymoma\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content> was measured in a cross\u2010sectional study of 343 consecutive patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> (236\u00a0F, 107\u00a0M) aged 4\u201389 years; 83.8% were seropositive, in 2.9%, anti\u2010Mu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SK<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies were detected. Concentrations of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, antithyrotropin receptor antibodies, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content> level were measured in all patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> clinical course, treatment received, and treatment results were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid diseases were diagnosed in 92 (26.8%) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients including 4.4% with Graves (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GD<\/jats:styled-content>), 9% with Hashimoto thyroiditis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>), and 13.4% with antithyroid antibodies only. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GD<\/jats:styled-content> patients had ocular symptoms more often than patients with antithyroid antibodies or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence was comparable in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> with early and late onset, while non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>s were more frequent in thymoma\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.049). Immunosuppressive therapy was less frequently needed in the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>, indirectly indicating milder <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> course (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005). Risk of myasthenic crisis and the results of treatment did not differ between patients with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid diseases are frequently accompanied by early\u2010and late\u2010onset MG, while thymoma\u2010MG is related to higher risk of non\u2010ATD. Myasthenia coexisting with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content> follows milder course than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T07:46:32Z","timestamp":1470296792000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Prevalence and impact of autoimmune thyroid disease on myasthenia gravis course"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Justyna","family":"Kubiszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Szyluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Szczudlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Bartoszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Dutkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maksymilian","family":"Bielecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Bednarczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kostera\u2010Pruszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1430639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-73"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2012.01693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Badania laboratoryjne: Poziom T3, T4, TSH i autoprzeciwcia\u0142 przeciwtarczycowych w populacji polskiej","volume":"42","author":"Gardas A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(81)90035-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01595-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.6.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181945437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2010.539307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.2.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"854","article-title":"Clinical features of myasthenia gravis with thyroid disease with 106 patients","volume":"96","author":"Meng C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua yi xue za zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Wyniki bada\u0144 programu MZ\u2010XVII prowadzonych w skali kraju; 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