{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:09:41Z","timestamp":1790230181242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,18]],"date-time":"2016-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81500971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>The nature and frequency of nonmotor symptoms in primary adult\u2010onset cervical dystonia (CD<\/jats:styled-content>) and blepharospasm (BSP<\/jats:styled-content>) patients in Chinese populations remain unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Hamilton's Depression Scale (HAMD<\/jats:styled-content>), Hamilton's Anxiety Scale (HAMA<\/jats:styled-content>), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010R), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate NMS<\/jats:styled-content> in 120 patients with primary focal adult\u2010onset dystonia (60 with BSP<\/jats:styled-content> and 60 with CD<\/jats:styled-content>) and 60 age\u2010, sex\u2010, and education level\u2010 matched healthy controls (HC<\/jats:styled-content>s). Motor symptoms of BSP<\/jats:styled-content> and CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients were evaluated by Jankovic rating scale and Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale\u2010severity scale separately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Twenty patients had depression, and 29 patients had anxiety. The mean HAMD<\/jats:styled-content> and HAMA<\/jats:styled-content> scores were significantly higher in patient groups. Thirty\u2010six patients had cognitive decline based on the cut\u2010off score of 75. The total score and scores of each domain of ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010R were significantly lower in patient groups than that in HC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Quality of sleep was impaired in patient groups, and patients with CD<\/jats:styled-content> had worse quality of sleep than patients with BSP<\/jats:styled-content>. Thirty\u2010three BSP<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 43 CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients suffered from sleep disorder separately. The frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness did not differ between patients and HC<\/jats:styled-content>s. No significant correlation was found between NMS<\/jats:styled-content> and motor severity in the two forms of dystonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Current study suggests that NMS<\/jats:styled-content> are prevalent in Chinese CD<\/jats:styled-content> and BSP<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and the motor severity of dystonia did not contribute to the severity of nonmotor symptoms<\/jats:styled-content>. Assessment of nonmotor symptoms<\/jats:styled-content> should be considered in clinical management of focal dystonia<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,18]],"date-time":"2016-12-18T05:08:17Z","timestamp":1482037697000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Nonmotor symptoms in primary adult\u2010onset cervical dystonia and blepharospasm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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