{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:22:26Z","timestamp":1761740546633,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This functional magnetic resonance imaging study was designed to observe how physiological brain states can alter food preferences. A primary goal was to observe food\u2010sensitive regions and moreover examine whether 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTP<\/jats:styled-content>intake would activate areas which have been associated with appetite suppression, anorexia, satiety, and weight loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen healthy male and female participants took part in the study, of which half of them received the supplement 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTP<\/jats:styled-content>and the rest vitamin C (control) on an empty stomach. During the scanning session, they passively observed food (high calories, proteins, carbohydrates) and nonfood movie stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTP<\/jats:styled-content>group, a comparison of food and nonfood stimuli showed significant responses that included the limbic system, the basal ganglia, and the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. For the vitamin C group, activity was mainly located in temporal and occipital regions. Compared to the vitamin C group, the 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTP<\/jats:styled-content>group in response to food showed increased activation on the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMPFC<\/jats:styled-content>, the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>, limbic, and temporal regions. For the 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTP<\/jats:styled-content>group, activity in response to food high in protein content compared to food high in calories and carbohydrates was located in the limbic system and the right caudomedial<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFC<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas for the vitamin C group, activity was mainly located at the inferior parietal lobes, the anterior cingulate gyri, and the left ventrolateral<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFC<\/jats:styled-content>. Greater responses to carbohydrates and high calorie stimuli in the vitamin C group were located at the right temporal gyrus, the occipital gyrus, the right<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas for the 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTP<\/jats:styled-content>group, activity was observed at the left<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMPFC<\/jats:styled-content>, the parahippocampal gyrus bilaterally, the occipital lobe, and middle temporal gyri.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In line with the hypotheses, 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTP<\/jats:styled-content>triggered cortical responses associated with healthy body weight as well as cerebral preferences for protein\u2010rich stimuli. The brain's activity is altered by macronutrients rich or deprived in the body. By reading the organisms physiological states and combining them with memory experiences, it constructs behavioral strategies steering an individual toward or in opposition to a particular food.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,29]],"date-time":"2016-10-29T04:07:01Z","timestamp":1477714021000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5\u2010<scp>HTP<\/scp>on food selection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stephanos","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences &amp; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Brunel University London Uxbridge Middlesex UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences &amp; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Brunel University London Uxbridge Middlesex UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-29-09632.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00014-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(74)90440-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80374-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)02003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3422.001.0001","volume-title":"Handbook of multisensory processes","author":"Calvert G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.5.863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01578751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/26.4.371"},{"volume-title":"Carbs & cals & protein & fat. A visual guide to carbohydrate, protein, fat & calorie counting for healthy eating & weight loss","year":"2010","author":"Cheyette C.","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1"},{"volume-title":"Abnormal psychology","year":"2009","author":"Comer R. J.","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in obese children during observation of food stimuli","volume":"34","author":"Davids S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-1047(93)90925-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0130-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200203040-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute Tryptophan depletion in accordance with body weight: Influx of amino acids across the blood brain barrier","volume":"119","author":"Dingerkus V. L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"E29","article-title":"Local cerebral glucose utilization in brains of lean and genetically obese (fa\/fa) rats","volume":"264","author":"Doyle P.","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(83)90232-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.6.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0234-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Tryptophan\u2010free diets: A physiological tool to study brain serotonin function","volume":"15","author":"Fadda F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"News Physiological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.5.865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"A tryptophan free diet: A new means for rapidly decreasing brain tryptophan content and serotonin synthesis","volume":"29","author":"Gessa G. L.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Vitaminologica et Enzymologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010153\u20108\u2010201010190\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2478-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.9.1675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00191-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450600773848"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.115.2.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"R491","article-title":"Role of the brain in energy balance and obesity","volume":"271","author":"Levin B. E.","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.98.1.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.5.722"},{"volume-title":"The composition of foods: Summary edition. Food Standards Agency","year":"2004","author":"McCance R. A.","key":"e_1_2_8_48_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A literature review on the effect of changing blood tryptophan concentration on mood, in particular depression and how concentration of tryptophan can be altered through diet and supplements","volume":"2","author":"Mohammad M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Webmedcentral Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(87)90201-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","unstructured":"Nutritics(2011).Nutritics professional diet analysis software. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.nutritics.com\/p\/downloadnow"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier transport of nutrients","volume":"44","author":"Pardridge W. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nutritional Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(75)90347-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00806091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200211150-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.9.1720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?","volume":"6","author":"Volkow N. D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200207020-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6663(91)90019-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00103-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06841-3","article-title":"Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis","volume":"32","author":"Wurtman R. J.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90326-7"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbrb3.594","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbrb3.594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T22:29:27Z","timestamp":1749680967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.594","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2162-3279"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2162-3279"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"article-number":"e00594"}}