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Competing hypotheses suggest that individuals with ASD avoid eye contact due to the anxiety\u2010provoking nature of direct eye gaze or that eye\u2010gaze cues hold less interest or significance to children with ASD. The current study examined the effects of gaze direction on neural processing of emotional faces in typically developing (TD) children and those with ASD. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 16 high\u2010functioning children and adolescents with ASD and 16 TD controls viewed a series of faces depicting emotional expressions with either direct or averted gaze. Children in both groups showed significant activity in visual\u2010processing regions for both direct and averted gaze trials. However, there was a significant group by gaze interaction such that only TD children showed reliably greater activity in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex for direct versus averted gaze. The ASD group showed no difference between direct and averted gaze in response to faces conveying negative emotions. These results highlight the key role of eye gaze in signaling communicative intent and suggest altered processing of the emotional significance of direct gaze in children with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,8]],"date-time":"2011-06-08T07:44:52Z","timestamp":1307519092000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Neural bases of gaze and emotion processing in children with autism spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Mari S.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirella","family":"Dapretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Sigman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Sepeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Y.","family":"Bookheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082244"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910802337902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/z.127.13bow"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00583-9","article-title":"Immature frontal lobe contributions to cognitive control in children: evidence from fMRI","volume":"30","author":"Bunge S. 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