{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:31:30Z","timestamp":1769754690800,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002738","name":"Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC 06040 \u2013 P061016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC 06040 \u2013 P061016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bulbar weakness and respiratory impairment have been associated with increased morbidity in retrospective studies of Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>) patients. The aim of this study was to prospectively explore the relationship between subclinical swallowing impairment, respiratory function parameters, the necessity to intubate patients and the development of early postintubation pneumonia in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> in the intensive care unit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory, swallowing, and tongue strength parameters were measured in 30 consecutive adults (51.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.1\u00a0years old), hospitalized for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content> of a teaching hospital. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group. The primary outcomes were intubation and pneumonia during the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content> stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen patients (65.5%) had piecemeal swallowing, and 19 (65.5%) had impaired breathing\u2010swallowing interaction, of which, respectively, 47.4% and 52.6% had a clinically apparent swallowing impairment. Swallowing impairment was associated with lower values of respiratory function, but not with peripheral motor weakness. Tongue protrusion strength was correlated with respiratory parameters and swallowing impairment. Ten patients were intubated and six developed pneumonia. Age, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, severe axial involvement, respiratory parameters (vital capacity and respiratory muscle strength), tongue protrusion strength, and clinical swallowing impairment were predictors of intubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Swallowing impairment was present early after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content> admission in over 80% of patients and was an important predictor of intubation. A systematic clinical evaluation of swallowing should be carried out, eventually combined with an evaluation of tongue protrusion strength, along with the usual assessment of neurological and respiratory function, to determine the severity of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T21:53:31Z","timestamp":1482270811000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Swallowing and swallowing\u2010breathing interaction as predictors of intubation in Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Ogna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation m\u00e9dicale et unit\u00e9 de ventilation \u00e0 domicile H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Prigent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Physiologie\u2010Explorations Fonctionnelles H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Lejaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM CIC 14.29 H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Samb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique Paris Ouest D\u00e9partement d'Information Hospitali\u00e8re et de Sant\u00e9 Publique H\u00f4pital Ambroise\u2010Par\u00e9  Boulogne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Sharshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation m\u00e9dicale et unit\u00e9 de ventilation \u00e0 domicile H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djillali","family":"Annane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation m\u00e9dicale et unit\u00e9 de ventilation \u00e0 domicile H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Lofaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Physiologie\u2010Explorations Fonctionnelles H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Orlikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation m\u00e9dicale et unit\u00e9 de ventilation \u00e0 domicile H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"},{"name":"INSERM CIC 14.29 H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.4.1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00385793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.4.814"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.5.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200807-1139OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92644-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880141111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000184748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.5.1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0332-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9575-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2417-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301882"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.3.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0084255900005866","article-title":"Intensive care of acute Guillain\u2010Barre syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Ropper A. 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