{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:51:26Z","timestamp":1778215886471,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are various communications between the superior cervical ganglion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content>) and the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. However, little information exists concerning the origin of these sympathetic ganglion branches at the superior, middle, and inferior regions of the human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content>. The aim of this study was to describe the human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> in a morphometric manner with the communication with cranial and cervical nerves and supply.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study characterized 72 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> samples from 54 elderly Japanese human cadavers (30 males, 24 females; 65\u2013100\u00a0years old). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> size (length, width, and thickness) and location were measured from the jugular foramen. We also defined the communication branches of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> to the vagus, glossopharyngeal, cervical, and accessory nerves at three regions (superior, middle, and inferior regions) of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content>. Finally, we examined the arrangement and origin of the branch communications in detail and confirmed our observations, using histological sections of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> in all cadaver donors was detected at the C2 and C3 vertebra levels. The number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> branches supplied the communicating branches, such as the carotid branch, communicating branch of the vagus nerve, and glossopharyngeal nerve, were frequently detected in the superior region of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a0587.72, df\u00a0=\u00a026, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001). The number of ganglion cells with a large number of neurons per unit area (1\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was most often found in the middle region with shrunken neurons of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> compared with other regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The communication branches of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCG<\/jats:styled-content> are mainly connected to the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Characterizing these branches can provide useful data for head and neck ganglion block and surgical treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T06:18:06Z","timestamp":1482992286000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Morphological relationship between the superior cervical ganglion and cervical nerves in Japanese cadaver donors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Mitsuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Oral Rehabilitation The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kikutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oral Rehabilitation The 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