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This study was conducted to assess the impact of general intelligence, personality, and social engagement on cognitive performance among patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> and a group of controls matched for age and years of education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010nine patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> and 69 controls were assessed in terms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> NEO<\/jats:styled-content> personality inventory, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQ<\/jats:styled-content>) scale, and measures of cognitive performance reflecting working memory and executive function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> performed more poorly on memory and executive\u2010function tasks. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> also exhibited greater neuroticism and less extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness than controls. Memory deficits among patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> were associated with lower intelligence, while diminished executive functioning was mediated by both lower intelligence and less social engagement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that among patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>, memory deficits are principally a function of lower general intelligence, while executive\u2010function deficits are associated with both lower intelligence and poorer social skills. This suggests a potential influence of social engagement on executive cognitive functioning (and\/or vice\u2010versa) among individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>, and perhaps those with other genetic disorders. Future longitudinal research would be important to further clarify this and other issues discussed in this research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T07:43:07Z","timestamp":1486626187000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The role of genes, intelligence, personality, and social engagement in cognitive performance in Klinefelter syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA) Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders Degn","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bojesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Sygehus Lillebaelt  Vejle Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Krarup","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Odense University Clinic  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Fedder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility Clinic Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Laurberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens Michael","family":"Hertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Rosendahl","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Centre for Rare Diseases Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikkel","family":"Wallentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Semiotics Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus H\u00f8jbjerg","family":"Gravholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA) Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/15.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-3-199908030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320480312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1948.9918159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1983.tb01980.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaq016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Revised NEO personality inventory and NEO five\u2010factor inventory","author":"Costa P. 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