{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:01:46Z","timestamp":1779192106051,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>Both Chiari malformation type 1 (CMI<\/jats:styled-content>, i.e., the idiopathic caudal ectopy of cerebellar tonsils into foramen magnum) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH<\/jats:styled-content>) are characterized by reduced intracranial compliance (ICC<\/jats:styled-content>) due to disturbed circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF<\/jats:styled-content>). An increasing body of evidence links cardiovascular disease to CSF<\/jats:styled-content> circulation disturbances. The aim of this study was to explore whether the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CMI<\/jats:styled-content> or IIH<\/jats:styled-content> is higher than in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>Among the patients with CMI<\/jats:styled-content> or IIH<\/jats:styled-content> treated at our department during the period 2003\u20132014, we identified those with history of arterial hypertension (AH<\/jats:styled-content>), myocardial infarction (MI<\/jats:styled-content>), angina pectoris (AP<\/jats:styled-content>), or diabetes mellitus (DM<\/jats:styled-content>). For comparison with a control population, we retrieved information about the prevalence of AH<\/jats:styled-content>, MI<\/jats:styled-content>, AP<\/jats:styled-content>, and DM<\/jats:styled-content> among participants of the North\u2010Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study 3 (HUNT<\/jats:styled-content>3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Data from 48 CMI<\/jats:styled-content> and 52 IIH<\/jats:styled-content> cases were available. Compared to data from the 42,461 individuals participating in the HUNT<\/jats:styled-content>3, we found increased prevalence of DM<\/jats:styled-content> in male CMI<\/jats:styled-content> as well as female IIH<\/jats:styled-content> cases, and of AH<\/jats:styled-content> in female IIH<\/jats:styled-content> cases. Body mass index (BMI<\/jats:styled-content>) was significantly increased in both female and male IIH<\/jats:styled-content> cases. Prevalence of MI<\/jats:styled-content> and AP<\/jats:styled-content> in the CMI<\/jats:styled-content> and IIH<\/jats:styled-content> cohorts was extremely low and therefore not further studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>This study provided evidence of an increased prevalence of DM<\/jats:styled-content> in male CMI<\/jats:styled-content> as well as female IIH<\/jats:styled-content> cases and of AH<\/jats:styled-content> in female IIH<\/jats:styled-content> cases. Although requiring further exploration, these findings point to AH<\/jats:styled-content> and DM<\/jats:styled-content> as potential risk factors in the pathophysiology of CMI<\/jats:styled-content> and IIH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T06:06:43Z","timestamp":1490681203000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cardiovascular risk factors in Chiari malformation and idiopathic intracranial hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Radek","family":"Fri\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Oslo University Hospital\u2013Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Are Hugo","family":"Pripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6881-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Kristian","family":"Eide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Oslo University Hospital\u2013Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70442-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00064-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-11-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.7.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490400076009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.JNS151529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-11-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000363408.69856.B8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2465-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.4.JNS152862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a55f17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.2_Part_1.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.5.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.678698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1581-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Thickened cerebral cortical capillary basement membranes in diabetics","volume":"106","author":"Johnson P. 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