{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:12:46Z","timestamp":1790244766103,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RAAK PRO Scheme of Stichting Innovatie Alliantie (SIA) Applied Research","award":["PRO-3-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRO-3-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both childhood trauma and negative memory bias are associated with the onset and severity level of several psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Studies on these risk factors, however, generally use homogeneous noncomorbid samples. Hence, studies in naturalistic psychiatric samples are lacking. Moreover, we know little about the quantitative relationship between the frequency of traumatic childhood events, strength of memory bias and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders; the latter being an index of severity. The current study examined the association of childhood trauma and negative memory bias with psychopathology in a large naturalistic psychiatric patient sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frequency of traumatic childhood events (emotional neglect, psychological\u2010, physical\u2010 and sexual abuse) was assessed using a questionnaire in a sample of 252 adult psychiatric patients with no psychotic or bipolar\u2010I disorder and no cognitive disorder as main diagnosis. Patients were diagnosed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> Axis\u2010I and Axis\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> disorders using a structured clinical interview. This allowed for the assessment of comorbidity between disorders. Negative memory bias for verbal stimuli was measured using a computer task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linear regression models revealed that the frequency of childhood trauma as well as negative memory bias was positively associated with psychiatric comorbidity, separately and above and beyond each other (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that childhood trauma and negative memory bias may be of importance for a broader spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses, besides the frequently studied affective disorders. Importantly, frequently experiencing traumatic events during childhood increases the risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T09:38:42Z","timestamp":1494322722000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Childhood trauma and negative memory bias as shared risk factors for psychopathology and comorbidity in a naturalistic psychiatric patient sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7081-9893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janna N.","family":"Vrijsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pro Persona Mental Health Care Depression Expertise Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camiel T.","family":"van Amen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bauke","family":"Koekkoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Social Psychiatry &amp; Mental Health Nursing HAN University of Applied Sciences  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pro Persona Mental Health Care ProCES  Wolfheze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"van Oostrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aart H.","family":"Schene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Academic Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Tendolkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.4.306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08050721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616628523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.03.001","article-title":"Pathways to comorbidity: The transition of pure mood, anxiety and substance use disorders into comorbid conditions in a longitudinal population\u2010based study","volume":"82","author":"De Graaf R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"De Graaf R. Ten Have M &vanDorsselaer S.(2010).De psychische gezondheid van de Nederlandse bevolking. Nemesis\u20102: Opzet en eerste resultaten.Trimbos Utrecht the Netherlands. Retrieved fromwww.trimbos.nl\/~\/media\/af0898%20nemesis%20ii.ashx"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.10.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.90.4.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.96.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.2.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.10.1196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.3.386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis","author":"Hayes A. F.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797005588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1512"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-010-9322-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(92)90116-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2011.110222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2336126100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","volume-title":"Structured interview for DSM\u2010IV personality disorders (SIDP\u2010IV)","author":"Pfohl B.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83297-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini\u2010International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for dsm\u2010iv and icd\u201010","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan D. V.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.02.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.3.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000356360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001717"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1181","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545782400000}}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbrb3.693","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T20:44:26Z","timestamp":1696625066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.693","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/brb3.1181","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"article-number":"e00693"}}