{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:45:49Z","timestamp":1789562749900,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the possible interactions between levodopa therapy and plasma levels of B vitamins in patients with advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease (\n IPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in the context of either oral levodopa therapy or levodopa\/carbidopa intestinal gel (\n LCIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Secondly, to determine the prevalence of neuropathy and its relation to plasma levels of B vitamins and homocysteine.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Medication doses, neurographies, and serum levels of pyridoxine, cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine of eight\n LCIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 13 orally treated advanced\n IPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients matched for age, Hoehn & Yahr stage, and\n UPRDS III<\/jats:styled-content>\n were collected. This data was analyzed for correlation with daily levodopa dose (\n LDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n LICG<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients had a longer disease duration and higher\n LDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . All\n LCIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients and most orally treated patients had sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. Of all plasma vitamin levels, pyridoxine was decreased most and significantly lower in the\n LCIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n group. Cobalamin and folate, however, were within the lower reference range, and homocysteine highly elevated, all without any significant difference between both groups.\n LDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n correlated significantly with pyridoxine deficiency (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.02) irrespective of the route of application and with hyperhomocysteinemia in the\n LCIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.03). At\n LDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s above 2,000\u00a0mg, pyridoxine deficiency was almost always detectable.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Pyridoxine deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia are dependent on the daily levodopa\/carbidopa dose, while levels of cobalamin and folate are not. The mode of application of levodopa\/carbidopa has no impact on B\u2010vitamin levels. Neuropathy is very frequent in advanced\n IPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; however, it remains to be investigated further whether neuropathy is more frequent in\n LCIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n than in orally levodopa\/carbidopa\u2010treated advanced\n IPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T08:18:56Z","timestamp":1491553136000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Effects of levodopa\/carbidopa intestinal gel versus oral levodopa\/carbidopa on B vitamin levels and neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Loens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Hannover Medical School Hannover 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