{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:34:17Z","timestamp":1786977257837,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012686","name":"Deutsche Stiftung Neurologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80766113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80766113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003493","name":"Gemeinn\u00fctzige Hertie-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2145 SyNergy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2145 SyNergy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uni\u2010 or bilateral peripheral vestibular impairment causes objective spatial orientation deficits, which can be measured using pen\u2010and\u2010paper\u2010tests or sensorimotor tasks (navigation or pointing). For patients\u2019 subjective orientation abilities, questionnaires are commonly used (e.g., Santa Barbara sense of direction scale [SBSODS]). However, the relationship between subjective assessment of spatial skills and objective vestibular function has only been scarcely investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 177 patients (mean age 57.86\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.53 years, 90 females) who presented in our tertiary Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders underwent neuro\u2010otological examinations, including bithermal water calorics, video head impulse test (vHIT), and testing of the subjective visual vertical (SVV), and filled out the SBSODS (German version). Correlation analyses and linear multiple regression model analyses were performed between vestibular test results and self\u2010assessment scores. Additionally, groupwise vestibular function for patients with low, average, and high self\u2010report scores was analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010two patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for bilateral vestibulopathy, 93 for chronic unilateral vestibulopathy (68 unilateral caloric hypofunction and 25 isolated horizontal vestibulo\u2010ocular reflex deficits), and 42 patients had normal vestibular test results. SBSODS scores showed clear sex differences with higher subjective skill levels in males (mean score males: 4.94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.99, females 4.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.94; Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test: t\u20103.78,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001***). No stable correlation between objective vestibular function and subjective sense of spatial orientation was found. A multiple linear regression model could not reliably explain the self\u2010reported variance. The three patient groups with low, average, and high self\u2010assessment\u2010scores showed no significant differences of vestibular function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010reported assessment of spatial orientation does not robustly correlate with objective peripheral vestibular function. Therefore, other methods of measuring spatial skills in real\u2010world and virtual environments are required to disclose orientation deficits due to vestibular hypofunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T01:43:56Z","timestamp":1725846236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unreliable association between self\u2010reported sense of direction and peripheral vestibular function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5053-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Gerb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders University Hospital Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders University Hospital Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dieterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders University Hospital Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acz019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010200012150\u201000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Vertigo and dizziness: Common complaints","author":"Brandt T.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mlwa.2022.100419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582\u2010018\u20100031\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010019\u201009351\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2017.1347098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.187252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106\u2010019\u201000767\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life11121369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010015\u20103510\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010022\u201011069\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162\u2010020\u201000780\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010022\u201011015\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010022\u201011446\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201047821\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010024\u201003569\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160\u20102896(02)00116\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"JASP Team. 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