{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:56:55Z","timestamp":1783652215452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011822","name":"Michigan Health Endowment Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009931","name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009931","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES017885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES017885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32ES007062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ES007062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early childhood development is a strong predictor of long\u2010term health outcomes, potentially mediated via epigenetics (DNA methylation). The aim of the current study was to examine how childhood experiences, punitive parenting, and an intergenerational psychotherapeutic intervention may impact DNA methylation in young children and their mothers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mothers and their infants\/toddlers between 0 and 24 months were recruited at baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0146, 73 pairs) to participate in a randomized control trial evaluating the effectiveness of The Michigan Model of Infant Mental Health Home Visiting (IMH\u2010HV) parent\u2013infant psychotherapy compared to treatment as usual. Baseline and 12\u2010month post\u2010enrollment data were collected in the family's home and included self\u2010report questionnaires, biological saliva samples, home environment observation, video\u2010taped parent\u2013child interaction, and audio\u2010recorded interviews. Saliva DNA methylation was measured at the genes, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), solute carrier family 6 member 4 (\n                      <jats:italic>SLC6A4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and the genetic element, long interspersed nuclear element\u20101 (LINE1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For mothers, baseline methylation of\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>SLC6A4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or LINE1 was largely not associated with baseline measures of their childhood adversity, adverse life experiences, demographic characteristics related to structurally driven inequities, or to IMH\u2010HV treatment effect. In infants, there were suggestions that methylation in\n                      <jats:italic>SLC6A4<\/jats:italic>\n                      and LINE1 was associated with parenting attitudes. Infant\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      methylation suggested an overall decrease in response to IMH\u2010HV psychotherapy over 12 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, our findings suggest that the epigenome in infants and young children may be sensitive to both early life experiences and parent\u2013infant psychotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T01:06:25Z","timestamp":1726707985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal DNA methylation in parent\u2013infant pairs impacted by intergenerational social adversity: An RCT of the Michigan Model of Infant Mental Health Home Visiting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rebekah L.","family":"Petroff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Riggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Alfafara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriam","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alanah","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8289-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaclyn M.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Muzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Michigan Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Michigan Collaborative for Infant Mental Health Research","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473\u2010016\u20100083\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102796.2007.01809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Adult\u2010Adolescent Parenting Inventory\u2010AAPI\u20102: Administration and development handbook","author":"Bavolek S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148\u2010019\u20100616\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi\u20102019\u20100206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010031210\u2010101218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291S206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Conjoint screening questionnaires for alcohol and other drug abuse: Criterion validity in a primary care practice","volume":"94","author":"Brown R. L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Wisconsin Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Home observation for measurement of the environment: Administration manual","author":"Caldwell B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148\u2010021\u201001189\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579416000869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12927\/hcq.2010.21980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Use of a brief screening instrument for psychosis: Results of an ROC analysis","author":"Dengenhardt L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174421000738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749\u20103797(98)00017\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017\u20102826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010020\u201001896\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687\u2010013\u20100143\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415001248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419001421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(17)30118\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2013.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010018\u20100195\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.64.3.256.18464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13148\u2010011\u20100032\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35057062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201008595\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103927"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1786\u201008.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20104642(23)00127\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2019.1641954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2019.1583369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.3.2.6034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3402_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291712002784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010021\u201001207\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2666082216999200622140922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648\u2010199001000\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2022.108415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1868\u20107083\u20104\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Blake D. D. Schnurr P. P. Kaloupek D. G. Marx B. P. &Keane T. M.(2013).The life events checklist for DSM\u20105 (LEC\u20105). Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD atwww.ptsd.va.gov"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","volume-title":"Infant mental health home visiting: Supporting competencies\/reducing risks, manual for early attachments: IMH home visiting","author":"Weatherston D. J.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201054355\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.5.6.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gnh032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280220949898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993\u2010016\u20100101\u20104"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.70035","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T08:40:04Z","timestamp":1727685604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.70035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.70035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.70035","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70035\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70035\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70035\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70035\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70035\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70035\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70035"}}