{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T07:25:06Z","timestamp":1784359506271,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002101","name":"Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001530","name":"Canterbury Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apathy is a debilitating behavioral change in Huntington's disease (HD), but impulsivity in HD has not been well documented, and the co\u2010occurrence of these behaviors in HD has not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our objective was to determine whether apathy and impulsivity co\u2010occur in people with HD and their associations with quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Carriers of Huntington's gene expansion (premanifest to mild motor manifest disease;\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a042) along with healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a020) completed measures of apathy (Apathy Evaluation Scale and Apathy Motivation Index) and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale\u201011 and UPPS\u2010P impulsivity scale), along with mood, cognition, clinical, and quality of life measures. Apathy and impulsivity measures were each reduced to a single metric per patient using principal component analysis. Correlations and multiple linear regression models determined associations between apathy and impulsivity and the potential influence of other covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Apathy and impulsivity were significantly correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001, 95% CI [0.36, 0.76]) in HD, with this association remaining after controlling for depressive symptoms, motor disease severity, and cognitive function. Furthermore, apathy and depressive symptoms were associated with poorer quality of life.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apathy and impulsivity co\u2010occur in individuals with premanifest to mild manifest HD and have a significant impact on wellbeing. We add to a growing evidence body that apathy and impulsivity may be intrinsically linked.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T03:34:15Z","timestamp":1727667255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Apathy and Impulsivity Co\u2010Occur in Huntington's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8327-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee\u2010Anne","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyla\u2010Louise","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Paermentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research Neurogenetics Research Clinic University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9073-0346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"MacAskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Myall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masud","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Roxburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research Neurogenetics Research Clinic University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Christchurch Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Campbell Le","family":"Heron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Christchurch Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JHD\u2010180293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II","author":"Beck A. 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