{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:56:15Z","timestamp":1772895375835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515220119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515220119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010256","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A03J0438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A03J0438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with poor prognosis. Observational studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between serum galectin\u20103 and PD, suggesting a potential role of galectin\u20103 as a biomarker for PD. However, it is still unclear whether galectin\u20103 contributes to the risk of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used in this study. Genetic instruments for serum galectin\u20103 level were selected from a genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS), including 30,931 European individuals. Summary\u2010level statistics for PD were derived from another published GWAS, including 33,674 cases and 449,056 controls. Primary analysis was conducted using the inverse\u2010variance weighting (IVW) method. Weighted median, MR\u2010Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR\u2010pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR\u2010PRESSO) methods were used as complementary analyses. To detect heterogeneity, Cochran's <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> statistic and leave\u2010one\u2010out analysis were used. For testing potential horizontal pleiotropy, the MR\u2010Egger intercept test and MR\u2010PRESSO global test were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR analysis using IVW model (OR 1.112, 95% CI 1.025\u20131.206, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.010), weighted median (OR 1.135, 95% CI 1.037\u20131.242, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), weighted mode (OR 1.142, 95% CI 1.038\u20131.257, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.030), and MR\u2010PRESSO (OR 1.112, 95% CI 1.046\u20131.182, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012) presented a consistent result, indicating that increased serum galectin\u20103 was associated with a higher risk of PD. No heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected in the analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study shows a suggestive association between galectin\u20103 and PD. Increasing serum galectin\u20103 was associated with an increase in PD risk. Galectin\u20103 may play an important role in the causal pathway to PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T04:25:43Z","timestamp":1729743943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Between Serum Galectin\u20103 and Parkinson's Disease: A Two\u2010Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic  Huizhou Guangdong Province P. R. 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