{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:06:45Z","timestamp":1788566805773,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This extensive literature review investigates the relationship between post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), focusing on the neurobiological changes associated with their co\u2010occurrence. Given that these disorders frequently coexist, we analyze mechanisms through which alcohol serves as a coping strategy for PTSD symptoms, particularly highlighting the drinking\u2010to\u2010cope self\u2010medication model, which suggests that alcohol use exacerbates PTSD symptoms and complicates recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, to identify studies examining the intersection of the biopsychosocial model with PTSD, AUD, and associated neural alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings demonstrate that chronic PTSD is associated with progressive dysfunction in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, and white matter pathways. Also, our findings underscore alterations within the reward system, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis that contribute to the pathophysiology of AUD. Our results support the notion that a biopsychosocial framework is essential for contemporary addiction treatment, particularly in the context of alcohol addiction and PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PTSD frequently leads individuals to use alcohol as a maladaptive coping strategy, ultimately resulting in neuroadaptive alterations across critical brain regions. These neurobiological changes contribute to the development and maintenance of AUD. The findings reiterate the necessity of employing a biopsychosocial model in treating individuals grappling with both PTSD and AUD. This model allows for a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges faced by this population, integrating biological, psychological, and social factors that influence recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T19:39:57Z","timestamp":1735673997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Implementation of the Biopsychosocial Model: Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder and Post\u2010Traumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Hinostroza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule  Talca Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Neuropsicolog\u00eda y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule  Talca Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule  Talca Chile"},{"name":"Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional en Neurofarmacolog\u00eda Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4433-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele M.","family":"Mahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Psychology, Health Science Center Texas Tech University  Lubbock Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2017.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","article-title":"Diosgenin Reverses Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Mice by Augmenting Neurochemical Release and Inhibiting HPA Axis Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation","volume":"00","author":"Ben\u2010Azu B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2024.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-3-712"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02357-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(82)90107-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsn035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S376389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723002660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11899-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.7.973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00067-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-114-1-57"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2284-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10130"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.117.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.5.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.11080180"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(96)00001-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.847460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"558","article-title":"Cortical Gray Matter Loss in Treatment\u2010Naive Alcohol Dependent Individuals","volume":"26","author":"Fein G.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2019.100755"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2023.111715"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn958"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.2.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01156-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22521"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2018.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547018786390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52214\/gsjp.v15i.10891"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20663"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0498-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(84)80007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30217-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30213-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1603-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11539710\u2010000000000\u201000000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12681"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(09)85001-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","volume-title":"Alcohol\u2010Use Disorders: Diagnosis and Management of Physical Complications","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858403261077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0785"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10020233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00635-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","volume-title":"Key Substance use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results From the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000085586.91726.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22552"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt094"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161956"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00271-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07121877"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101764"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455211033517"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-022-00755-1"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.70230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T08:56:18Z","timestamp":1738140978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.70230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.70230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.70230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70230\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70230"}}