{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:02:59Z","timestamp":1772118179202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U20A20355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distinguishing between essential tremor (ET) and tremor\u2010dominant Parkinson's disease (PD\u2010TD) can be challenging due to overlapping motor symptoms. This study aims to investigate the differences in nonmotor symptoms (NMS) between ET and PD\u2010TD patients to provide additional evidence for differentiating these two conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 1656 participants, comprising 558 PD\u2010TD patients, 584 ET patients, and 514 controls. ET patients were assessed using the Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS), while PD\u2010TD patients were evaluated based on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). All participants were assessed for NMS using the Nonmotor Symptoms Scale (NMSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The composite NMSS score for the PD\u2010TD group was significantly higher than that for the ET group and the control group (23.44 \u00b1 20.20\u00a0vs. 12.60 \u00b1 14.89\u00a0vs. 9.37 \u00b1 12.44,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Compared to ET patients, PD\u2010TD patients had an increased risk of all NMS, especially in hyposmia (OR = 7.70, 95% CI: 5.11\u201311.62). The NMSS score, urinary symptoms, and hyposmia may play a role in differentiating ET from PD\u2010TD. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.766 (95% CI: 0.739\u20130.793), with a sensitivity of 80.8% and specificity of 58.6%. When family history is included in the analysis, the AUC increases to 0.819 (95% CI: 0.795\u20130.843), with sensitivity improving to 82.4% and specificity to 68.2%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study reveals significant differences in NMS between ET and PD\u2010TD. Compared to patients with ET, those with PD\u2010TD exhibit more frequent and severe NMS. NMS and family history are helpful in differentiating between ET and PD\u2010TD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T01:58:51Z","timestamp":1739239131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nonmotor Symptoms Differ Between Essential Tremor and Tremor\u2010Dominant Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mingqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Multi\u2010Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang Hunan China"},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Immune\u2010Related Encephalopathy of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang Hunan 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