{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:28:49Z","timestamp":1791556129998,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the potential causal relationship between antibody\u2010mediated immune responses to infectious agents and Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) using a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Publicly available summary data from genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) were utilized for comprehensive analysis. A genome\u2010wide and human leukocyte antigen association study conducted by Guillaume Butler\u2010Laporte et\u00a0al. (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09724) examined 46 types of antibody\u2010mediated immune responses. GWAS summary statistics for GBS were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0215,931) comprising European populations. The primary method for MR analysis was the inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW) method. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The IVW method indicates a negative correlation between elevated levels of Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) p18 antibody and the risk of GBS (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65\u20131.85,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.012). Elevated levels of\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      surface antigen 1 (sag1) antibody also show a negative correlation with the risk of GBS (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.79, 95% CI: 0.67\u20130.92,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003). No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found in the MR analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Elevated levels of EBV VCA p18 and\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      sag1 antibodies appear to be negatively correlated with the risk of GBS, suggesting that immune responses to these pathogens may play a protective role. However, the CI for the EBV VCA p18 association includes 1, indicating the need for caution in interpreting this result. Further research, including mechanistic studies and broader immune profiling, is needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T02:19:18Z","timestamp":1739240358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antibody Responses to EBV and Toxoplasma and Their Genetic Links to Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8200-1144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangjia","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Liaocheng People's Hospital  Liaocheng 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