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However, studies investigating the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene with alcohol use disorder (AUD), including alcohol dependence, have obtained inconsistent results. This meta\u2010analysis aims to examine the role of\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      SNPs (rs6265, rs16917204, rs7103411, and rs11030104) in the risk of AUD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multidatabase search identified 17 articles (20 studies) for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate associations using standard genetic models (homozygous, recessive, dominant, and codominant). Significant associations were defined as those with a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value \u2264 0.05 after applying the Bonferroni correction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>BC<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Subgroup analysis was conducted based on ethnicity (Caucasian and Asian populations). Sources of heterogeneity were investigated through outlier treatment and meta\u2010regression analysis. Only significant outcomes were further subjected to sensitivity analysis and assessment of publication bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta\u2010analysis generated four significant pooled ORs, representing the core outcomes, all of which indicated reduced risks. Overall, the results indicated a significant association between the\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphism and the risk of AUD in homozygous (OR = 0.72, 95% CIs = 0.60\u20130.85,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>BC<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.0038) and codominant (OR = 0.84, 95% CIs = 0.78\u20130.91,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>BC<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.0019) model. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, homozygous (OR = 0.59, 95% CIs = 0.44\u20130.78,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>BC<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.0057) and recessive (OR = 0.61, 95% CIs = 0.46\u20130.81,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>BC<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.0133) models of\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms were significantly associated with a reduced risk of AUD in Caucasians. However, no significant associations were found in Asians. Meta\u2010regression analysis did not identify any covariates that significantly contributed to the observed heterogeneity. The core significant associations were robust and showed no evidence of publication bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The current meta\u2010analysis suggests that the examined\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      SNPs have a protective effect in the overall analysis (homozygous and codominant) and in the Caucasians subgroup (homozygous and recessive) while the Asians exhibited no effects of\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      SNPs on AUD.\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms might serve as a protective factor against the risk of AUD and could be useful markers in the clinical genetics of AUD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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