{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:02:23Z","timestamp":1772118143344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study aimed to investigate the impacts of 8\u2010week high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) and Ritalin (RIT), alone and in combination, on cognitive functions and hippocampal oxidative parameters following chronic ethanol consumption in male rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 56 adult male rats were divided into 8 groups and received one of the following treatments: ethanol 20% (ET) (3\u00a0mL\/kg\/day, orally, 5 consecutive days\/week in weeks 1\u20134, and 3 consecutive days\/week in weeks 4\u20138), RIT (10\u00a0mg\/kg, intraperitoneally, three consecutive times\/week for 8 weeks), HIIT\u00a0+\u00a0SAL (five consecutive times\/week for 8 weeks\u00a0+\u00a0saline injection), or saline (1\u00a0mL\/day, intraperitoneally, three consecutive times\/week for 8 weeks). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance tasks. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were measured in the hippocampus using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP). Nitric oxide (NO) level in the hippocampus was determined using an NO Assay Kit (Natrix, Arman Biotech, Iran).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic ethanol administration impaired cognitive functions. However, RIT, HIIT, and their combination significantly improved these impairments. Furthermore, RIT increased ethanol\u2010induced oxidative stress, whereas HIIT reduced it, even in the combination group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic ethanol consumption caused learning and memory deficits and disrupted oxidant\/antioxidant balance in the hippocampus of rats. HIIT potentially improved memory impairments by restoring this balance, whereas RIT ameliorated cognitive dysfunction through a mechanism that requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T08:29:58Z","timestamp":1746692998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Amelioration of Chronic Ethanol Administration\u2010Induced Learning and Memory Impairments by High\u2010Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Ritalin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Shirazpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropharmacology Neuroscience Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Sepehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropharmacology Neuroscience Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahla","family":"Zangiabadizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman  Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Zangiabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Student, School of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najmeh Sadat","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019  USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sheikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Student, School of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azadeh Shahrokhi","family":"Raeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropharmacology Neuroscience Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara Sheibani","family":"Tezerji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology Regensburg Center for Neuroscience University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2017.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of Parkia biglobosa on Acute Ethanol\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats","volume":"2","author":"Airaodion A. 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