{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:02:59Z","timestamp":1772118179230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ20H020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ20H020002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent evidence suggests a link between albuminuria and mental illness. However, whether this association is stable, and its specific mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cross\u2010sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005\u20132018. Weighted multivariable\u2010adjusted logistic regression, subgroup analysis, interaction tests, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were conducted to assess the correlation between albuminuria and the risk of mental illness (depression). Subsequently, two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between albuminuria and various mental illnesses (anxiety disorder, persistent delusional disorder, schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, panic disorder, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, depression, autism, social anxiety disorder).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Albuminuria was consistently found to have a significant association with the risk of depression, regardless of its classification as a continuous or outcome variable. A positive correlation was found between albuminuria and depression in different age groups, gender, race, education attainment, and those with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. Further, there is a positive correlation between albuminuria and the occurrence of schizophrenia and persistent delusional disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a close association between albuminuria and mental illness, with albuminuria being a risk factor for schizophrenia and persistent delusional disorder. Further research is needed to establish the specific connections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T01:40:01Z","timestamp":1747014001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Albuminuria and Mental Illness Risk: Results From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005\u20132018 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5716-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84524"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030131"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac528"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12851"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01599-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1984.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.15691221"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Macroalbuminuria and Microalbuminuria: Do Both Predict Renal and Cardiovascular Events With Similar Strength?","volume":"20","author":"Jong P. 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