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Resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs\u2010fMRI) focusing on ANI among HIV\u2010related patients is rarely reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>60 right\u2010handed Chinese male patients with HIV\u2010associated ANI underwent baseline and follow\u2010up neurocognitive examination, and rs\u2010fMRI scans over an average interval of 1.68 years. Brain function alterations were evaluated through amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuation (ALFF\/fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, significant reductions in ALFF were observed in the MOG, cuneus, superior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area in the follow\u2010up group compared to baseline. This was accompanied by increased ALFF in the right insula. ReHo analysis revealed decreased values in the left median cingulate, right calcarine fissure, MOG, and left precentral gyrus, alongside increased ReHo in the supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and calcarine fissure. FC analysis demonstrated decreased connectivity between the precentral gyrus and calcarine cortex and between the MOG and calcarine cortex. Correlation analysis indicated that these imaging changes were correlated with declines in specific neurocognitive domains, including memory, speed of information processing, and executive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our research demonstrates a gradual deterioration in brain function in HIV\u2010positive individuals with ANI despite receiving cART. This decline correlates with worsening neurocognitive abilities, specifically visual processing and executive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T03:04:43Z","timestamp":1750907083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV\u2010Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Juming","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanke","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6516-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 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