{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:53:39Z","timestamp":1788386019739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The neuroimmune interaction mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases have received increasing attention. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with potential immunoregulatory abnormalities. However, the causal roles of specific immune cell proteins remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained PD and immune cell protein data from an open and free genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) for subsequent analysis. Two\u2010sample MR analyses with inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW), MR\u2010Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were used to evaluate the causal effects. Sensitivity analyses incorporated Cochran's Q test for SNP heterogeneity (prioritizing IVW estimates when present) alongside MR\u2010Egger intercept and leave\u2010one\u2010out evaluations to address horizontal pleiotropy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The IVW analysis revealed that the genetically predicted level of three immune cell proteins per standard\u2010deviation increase was positively associated with PD, including CD38 (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05\u20131.22,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), Fc\u03b3RIIIB (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01\u20131.11,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019), and CUL4B (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.20,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012). The IVW analysis also revealed that the genetically predicted level of ADAMTSs per standard\u2010deviation increase was inversely associated with PD (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81\u20130.98,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrate that CD38, Fc\u03b3RIIIB, and CUL4B are risk factors for PD, whereas ADAMTSs is a protective factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T06:20:30Z","timestamp":1752128430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immune Cell Proteins and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Causal Associations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haining","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia P.R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazhou","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuping","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia P.R. China"},{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25095041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010023\u201001792\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u20100\u201012\u2010819973\u20102.00014\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010018\u20100237\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010011\u20100653\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(09)70062\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12071012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1972.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:1:3:183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035\u2010020\u201000221\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742\u20102094\u201010\u2010133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750\u20101326\u20109\u201047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.634213"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"CD38 plays Key Roles in both Antioxidation and Cell Survival of H2O2\u2010Treated Primary Rodent Astrocytes","volume":"6","author":"Ma Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-6-52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(23)01478\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787\u2010024\u201001538\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531\u2010023\u201000456\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panicker N. 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