{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:17:56Z","timestamp":1788221876963,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Military veterans are at risk of various mental health conditions, with profound implications for post\u2010deployment quality of life. Current treatment options encounter high dropout rates and non\u2010responsiveness, and overlook the importance of community building in veterans\u2019 holistic recovery. Preliminary research suggests psychedelics offer therapeutic benefits for depression and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Integrating psychedelic therapies with a communal retreat setting could provide a more holistic framework for improving veterans\u2019 well\u2010being.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To evaluate the effects of psychedelic retreats on mental health and community reintegration in veterans.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Fifty\u2010eight veterans attended psilocybin or ayahuasca retreats. Participants completed eight mental health questionnaires (e.g. PTSD Checklist, PCL\u20105; Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ\u20109), and the Military to Civilian Questionnaire (M2C\u2010Q) up to 4 weeks both pre\u2010 and post\u2010retreat. Paired\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests analyzed changes in outcome responses between time points, and gender and substance\u2010specific analysis was conducted. Baseline scores were correlated with improvements in PCL\u20105 and PHQ\u20109 to investigate the relationship between initial symptom severity and percentage improvement following the retreat.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Significant improvements were found for all eight outcomes post\u2010retreat, with the greatest percentage improvements found for depression (PHQ\u20109; 29.1%) and PTSD (PCL\u20105; 26.1%). Veterans attending psilocybin retreats showed greater improvements in seven out of eight outcomes, whereas ayahuasca retreats demonstrated greater improvements in PCL\u20105 scores for PTSD (ayahuasca: 26.4%; Psilocybin 24.8%). Male participants experienced greater improvements across all outcomes apart from the PCL\u20105 for PTSD (Male: 24.1%; Female: 32.1%). Higher baseline scores on the PCL\u20105 (PTSD) and PHQ\u20109 (depression), indicating worse initial mental health, correlated with greater outcome improvements.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This is the first study to investigate psychedelic retreats as a holistic therapy for veterans\u2019 mental health alongside community reintegration. Psilocybin and ayahuasca retreats significantly improved veterans\u2019 mental well\u2010being, quality of life, PTSD, anxiety, depression, sleep, concussion, and post\u2010deployment reintegration. Participants with more severe symptoms have the potential to benefit most from this intervention, with nuanced insight into improved outcomes based on gender and type of substance. Psychedelic retreats could provide a treatment framework to aid veterans\u2019 recovery by addressing psychological well\u2010being, communal factors, and reintegration into civilian life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T03:19:36Z","timestamp":1751858376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Psychedelics Administered to Military Veterans in Naturalistic Retreat Settings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3767-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Calnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2074-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Blest\u2010Hopley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Analytics Collaborative  Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milly","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Psychedelic Research Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon G. D.","family":"Ruffell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onaya Science  Iqiuitos Peru"},{"name":"Social, Therapeutic and Community Studies and the Faiths &amp; Civil Society Unit, Goldsmith University of London  London UK"},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Law School University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leor","family":"Roseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Kettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Psychedelic Research Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Psychedelics Division, Neuroscape University of California  San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Carhart\u2010Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Psychedelic Research Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Psychedelics Division, Neuroscape University of California  San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.1.pss6201_0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010023\u201002360\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2023.100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010022\u201006221\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01389-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547020939564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010068884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2023.2220874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2018.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010019\u201002237\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114555249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013\u2010021\u201009749\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.645246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009076231175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881121992676"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"IBM\u2010Statistical Package for Social Science","author":"IBM","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010024\u201006733\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.623985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kettner H. L.Roseman A.Gazzaley R.Carhart\u2010Harris andL.Pasquini.2024. \u201cImprovements in Well\u2010Being Following Naturalistic Psychedelic Use and Underlying.\u201d Preprint March 7Research Square.10.21203\/rs.3.rs\u20103977169\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3977169\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.685085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/capr.12881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"The Therapeutic Use of Ayahuasca","author":"Labate B. C.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26102948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.647909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378\u20108741(84)90003\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010021\u201001336\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1933434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152\u2010024\u201009567\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010016\u20101454\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anoc.12162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516\u20104446\u20102014\u20101496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1355621021000005937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2023.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.559318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21061\/jvs.v9i1.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010035"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"PTSD Treatment for Veterans: What's Working, What's New, and What's Next","volume":"41","author":"Reisman M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"P and T"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119855974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.687615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488\u2010014\u20100564\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqae083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201050612\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","volume-title":"State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Manual","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.102133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713\u201020090515\u201001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2024.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S116720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jmvfh\u20102021\u20100037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf0435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201036184\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.20m14029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin Y. S. B.Armstrong L. A.Averill N.Sepeda andA. K.Davis.2023. \u201cPredictors of Psychedelic Treatment Outcomes Among Special Operations Forces Veterans.\u201dPsychology of Consciousness: Theory Research and Practice.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cns0000374.","DOI":"10.1037\/cns0000374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2012.636266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1183740"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.70660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:13:17Z","timestamp":1765354397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.70660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.70660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.70660","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70660\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70660\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70660\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70660\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70660\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70660"}}