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This study aimed to identify Brodmann's areas (BAs) with affected GM volume in individuals with schizophrenia, explore associated genetic variants through a genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS), and investigate the potential roles of these genes during cortical development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study recruited 194 individuals with schizophrenia and 330 healthy controls from the Taiwan Aging Mental Illness cohort. T1\u2010weighted MRI scans were processed to assess GM volume changes, and the cerebral cortex was parcellated into BAs for detailed analysis. GWAS was conducted to identify schizophrenia\u2010associated genetic variants, followed by functional mapping, single\u2010cell RNA sequencing analysis of developing human cortical cells, and in situ hybridization analysis in the developing mouse neocortex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant reductions in GM volume were found in specific BAs, particularly in the ventral frontal cortex, anterior temporal lobe, and cingulate cortex, with BA13, BA23, BA24, BA25, BA27, BA28, BA31, BA34, BA35, and BA38 showing the most pronounced changes. GWAS identified multiple genetic variants associated with these affected BAs. Further, single\u2010cell RNA sequencing and in situ hybridization analyses revealed dynamic expression patterns of the schizophrenia\u2010associated genes during cortical development, suggesting their potential roles in the structural abnormalities observed in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings support the hypothesis that specific BAs are more vulnerable to GM volume reduction in schizophrenia, potentially driven by distinct genetic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T06:18:07Z","timestamp":1753078687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mapping Genetic Associations With Functional Brain Area Alterations in Schizophrenia and Implications for Cortical Development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0718-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun\u2010Ding","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Occupational Therapy Room Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Yun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Fei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert C.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Digital Medicine and Smart Healthcare Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Shan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 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