{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:11:16Z","timestamp":1791886276999,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication associated with delirium in adult patients is poorly understood and considered both a predisposing and precipitating factor. Prescribing advice is lacking. This systematic review aims to collate evidence on medication risks in delirium associated with causation and treatment including mechanisms, treatment, and treatment alternatives in adult patients with and without dementia in an attempt to support prescribing decision\u2010making and patient safety in healthcare practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review of CNIAHL, IPA, APA PsycArticles, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SAGE Education, Science Direct, SCOPUS, Web of Science Core Collection, National Grey Literature Collection, Google Scholar, Ovid, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations was performed from 2000 for articles published in English. Original, peer\u2010reviewed studies, meta\u2010analyses, systematic and narrative reviews, case reports, commentaries, editorials, and scientific communication focusing on medication\u2010associated delirium risk in adult patients (\u2265 18 years) were included. Title, abstract, and full\u2010text screening were completed independently by two reviewers. CASP, MMAT, JBI, and the SANAR tool were used to assess reporting quality. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42022366020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 3867 papers identified, 106 were included. Information about 20 different drug classes was reported. Despite a respectable quality rating, medication detail provided often lacks specificity about mechanisms of action, individual risk, dosage instructions, symptoms, and avoidable drug\u2013drug combinations. Details on underlying mechanisms, pharmacological treatment, combinations, therapeutic alternatives, and medication associated with delirium in dementia patients were extracted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This summary offers the most detailed summary of medication\u2010related information for delirium in patients with and without dementia to support prescribing decisions. While the detailed results can be used to support a multicomponent approach to delirium care, they also support the call for categorizing delirium into distinct etiological subgroups. The effect of medication on gut microbiome diversity and composition should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T08:05:32Z","timestamp":1753085132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Medication Causes and Treatment of Delirium in Patients With and Without Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3670-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita Elaine","family":"Weidmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Innsbruck University, Institute of Pharmacy  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rut","family":"Matth\u00edasd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"},{"name":"Pharmacy Services Landspitali\u2013The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu\u00f0n\u00fd Bj\u00f6rk","family":"Propp\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Tadi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Innsbruck University, Institute of Pharmacy  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9tur Sigurdur","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"},{"name":"Pharmacy Services Landspitali\u2013The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freyja","family":"J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"},{"name":"Pharmacy Services Landspitali\u2013The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Organisation.2010. \u201cPractice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Delirium.\u201dhttps:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/pb\/assets\/raw\/sitewide\/practice_guidelines\/guidelines\/delirium\u20101410197644187.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed\u20102020\u2010209567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Aslam A. 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E.Weidmann.2024. \u201cMedication Associated With Delirium Superimposed on Dementia (DSD): A Systematic Review.\u201d PROSPERO.https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=54611868."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105640"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"The Vagus Nerve at the Interface of the Microbiota\u2010Gut\u2010Brain Axis","volume":"15","author":"Bonaz B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29663-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.2018. \u201cCASP (Systematic Review) Checklist.\u201dhttps:\/\/casp\u2010uk.net\/casp\u2010tools\u2010checklists\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2021.v111i10.15628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794106058867"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532\u20105415.2002.50468.x51"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONA\/60.6.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582\u2010022\u201000698\u2010719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a4129a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2023.06.00849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069211061950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004478"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2007.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673\u20105374.2013.21.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.09.00852"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","article-title":"Real\u2010World Effectiveness of Ramelteon and Suvorexant for Delirium Prevention in 948 Patients With Delirium Risk Factors","volume":"81","author":"Hatta K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-010-0787-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONA\/61.12.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70263-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","unstructured":"Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).2020. \u201cChecklist for Case Reports. 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