{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:38:47Z","timestamp":1768919927703,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>While evidence shows that children with chronic physical illness are at increased risk for psychopathology, the causal mechanisms linking physical and mental illness early in life remain unconfirmed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given a lack of longitudinal studies investigating inflammatory responses in the context of child psychopathology, and none that specifically sample children with chronic physical illness, this study evaluated associations between inflammatory biomarkers and psychopathology in children with chronic physical illness over a 48\u2010month period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data come from 128 children enrolled in the Multimorbidity in Children and Youth across the Life\u2010course (MY LIFE) study who provided baseline dried blood samples for biomarker analysis and completed the 48\u2010month assessment (mean age 11.0\u00a0years, 50.0% male). Psychopathology was measured using parent and child reports on the Emotional Behavioural Scales. Dried blood samples were assayed using the Bio\u2010Plex 200 system. Linear mixed models, adjusted for age and sex, estimated associations between inflammatory biomarkers and child psychopathology over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No differences in biomarker concentrations across physical illnesses were found, except for interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, which showed lower levels in the neurological subgroup (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a013.27, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04). Elevated levels of granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) were associated with higher parent\u2010reported internalizing symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.09 [0.04]), whereas elevated granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) was associated with child\u2010reported (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.83 [0.46]) and parent\u2010reported total symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.52 [0.69]), as well as child\u2010reported internalizing (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.35 [0.28]) and parent\u2010reported externalizing symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.72 [0.30]). Elevated IL\u20106 was associated with lower child\u2010reported total symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.87 [0.27]) and parent\u2010reported externalizing symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.35 [0.16]) over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings are not definitive evidence of a causal mechanism for physical\u2013mental comorbidity in children but are consistent with reports in other populations. The predictive power of G\u2010CSF, GM\u2010CSF, and IL\u20106 supports the need for broader blood panels and routine mental health assessment, particularly for children on treatments that disrupt regulatory inflammatory pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T05:30:03Z","timestamp":1754371803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inflammatory Biomarkers Predictive of Psychopathology in Children With Physical Illness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0979-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christy K. Y.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fasih A.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Quadrilatero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Timmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2024.0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221074430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2024.100768"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024\u2010065650"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.70726","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T06:14:08Z","timestamp":1758867248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.70726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.70726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.70726","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70726"}}