{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:51:04Z","timestamp":1778781064419,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013derived lipopolysaccharide (\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010LPS) may be associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Escin is a bioactive compound found in the horse chestnut tree (\n                      <jats:italic>Aesculus hippocastanum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). This research investigated the impact of escin on\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010LPS\u2010induced injury in SH\u2010SY5Y cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parkinson's disease model was established using SH\u2010SY5Y neuronal cells. Cell viability was evaluated with MTT assays. Cell morphology was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis was detected by JC\u20101, TUNEL, and Hoechst\/propidium iodide staining, and flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA levels of\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>BAX<\/jats:italic>\n                      were determined by RT\u2010PCR, and the protein levels of\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>BAX<\/jats:italic>\n                      , cleaved Caspase 3\/Caspase 3, and PARP were evaluated through Western blotting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Escin mitigated the reduction in viability of SH\u2010SY5Y cells caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010LPS.\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010LPS triggered apoptosis in SH\u2010SY5Y cells, alleviated by escin dose\u2010dependently. Furthermore, the anti\u2010apoptotic effect of escin was reversed by a specific apoptotic inducer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010LPS leads to SH\u2010SY5Y cells\u2019 mitochondria malfunction and programed cell death. Escin alleviated SH\u2010SY5Y cell injury induced by\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010LPS through its anti\u2010apoptotic effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T07:03:47Z","timestamp":1756796627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anti\u2010Apoptotic Effects of Escin on\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n                    \u2013Derived Lipopolysaccharide\u2010Induced Injury in SH\u2010SY5Y Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital  Shenzhen Guangdong 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