{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:20:59Z","timestamp":1791256859641,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of high\u2010altitude hypoxia on multidimensional cognitive functions, considering moderating variables such as altitude, exposure time, cognitive domain, and experimental design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A three\u2010level meta\u2010analysis was conducted on 59 studies (1966\u20132024) comprising 739 effect sizes. Studies were screened and coded according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cognitive tasks were categorized into seven domains: executive control, working memory, long\u2010term memory, perceptual ability, psychomotor skill, attention, and others. Hedges\u2019\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      was used as the effect size measure, and multilevel modeling was applied to account for dependent effect sizes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High\u2010altitude hypoxia significantly impaired overall cognitive function (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.424,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Long\u2010term memory and perceptual functions were most affected, followed by executive control, attention, and psychomotor skills; working memory was least impacted. Cognitive impairment was significant at altitudes above 2500 m. Acute (&lt;\u00a03 days) and chronic (&gt;\u00a030 days) exposure significantly affected cognition, while intermediate exposures (3\u201330 days) did not. Subgroup analyses revealed varying sensitivity across cognitive domains to altitude and exposure duration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010altitude hypoxia adversely affects cognitive function, with severity varying by cognitive domain, altitude, and exposure duration. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions and further research into acclimatization and de\u2010acclimatization processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T05:48:57Z","timestamp":1758520137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Meta\u2010Analysis of Multidimensional Cognitive Functions Changes in Different Intensities of High\u2010Altitude Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke\u2010Er","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling\u2010Ling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Information Sciences &amp; Engineering Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du\u2010Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2019.0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/asem.3661.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.12.3.p154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.650796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638908400886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121736"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"678","article-title":"Effects of Different Stay Durations on Attentional Performance During Two Mountain Expeditions","volume":"71","author":"Bonnon M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2015.0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc\u2010157\u201001\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006\u2010341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/s0717\u201095022014000200036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/07\u2010weme\u2010br\u2010102r1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Gedye J. 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