{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T01:15:48Z","timestamp":1777770948134,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti\u2010CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T\u2010cell therapy is an innovative and effective treatment for patients with B\u2010cell hematological malignancies. Despite its high efficacy, it has been associated with the development of acute toxicities that can be severe or even fatal. Indeed, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell\u2010associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) can induce significant morbidity and require close monitoring. Identification of clinical and laboratory markers able to predict the occurrence of ICANS may allow prompt recognition and more effective management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we report a retrospective study on a cohort of 81 Italian adult patients treated in our hospital between September 2019 and April 2024. We reviewed all clinical, demographic, laboratory, and neurophysiological data in order to identify potential predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the multivariate analysis confirmed that ICANS typically occurred less frequently in younger patients, especially when treated with 41BB co\u2010stimulated CAR\u2010T. Baseline EEG abnormalities are confirmed to be a fundamental predictor of neurotoxicity. Interestingly, we identified GammaGT as a new, statistically significant marker of ICANS. This represents a novel finding, probably related to the important role of GammaGT also in neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients in order to eventually be integrated into current clinical practice and management of\u00a0patients undergoing CAR\u2010T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T07:39:26Z","timestamp":1758613166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictors of Neurotoxicity in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients Undergoing Anti\u2010CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T\u2010Cell Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2429-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Modoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catello","family":"Vollono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Universitario di Neuroscienze Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"UOC Neurofisiopatologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Ematologiche Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Capriati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Universitario di Neuroscienze Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Sor\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Ematologiche Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Sezione Di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche Ed Ematologiche Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hohaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Ematologiche Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Sezione Di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche Ed Ematologiche Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serenella","family":"Servidei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Universitario di Neuroscienze Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"UOC Neurofisiopatologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Piccirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Ematologiche Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Sezione Di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche Ed Ematologiche Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento Universitario di Neuroscienze Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Sica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Ematologiche Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Sezione Di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche Ed Ematologiche Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)00933\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571\u2010022\u201000704\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574\u2010018\u20100059\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159\u20108290.CD\u201017\u20100698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059420922741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0654-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22836"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010025\u201013102\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.879608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277\u2010025\u201006467\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054\u2010017\u20101821\u2010z"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.70891","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.70891","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.70891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:42:52Z","timestamp":1777480972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.70891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.70891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.70891","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70891\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70891\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70891\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70891\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70891\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.70891\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70891"}}