{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:05:24Z","timestamp":1789981524919,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To observe the clinical efficacy of combining sinew acupuncture with low\u2010frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating hemiplegic shoulder pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 90 patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain were randomly divided into three groups: the sinew acupuncture group, the rTMS group, and the combined group (30 patients each). All received conventional symptomatic medication and routine interventions. The sinew acupuncture group received subcutaneous shallow needling on the affected side; the rTMS group received 1\u00a0Hz rTMS stimulation on the contralateral M1 area of the cerebral cortex; and the combined group underwent both treatments. Pain severity, upper limb mobility, and activities of daily living were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Fugl\u2010Meyer Assessment (FMA) of Upper Extremity, and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and after 4\u00a0weeks of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After treatment, all groups demonstrated substantial improvements in VAS, FMA, and MBI scores compared with baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The combined therapy group exhibited superior improvements in pain reduction, upper limb function, and activities of daily living compared with the other two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both sinew acupuncture and 1\u00a0Hz rTMS are effective in treating hemiplegic shoulder pain when used independently. Their combined application substantially reduces pain and enhances shoulder function and activities of daily living in patients, representing a valuable clinical approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T07:06:36Z","timestamp":1766473596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Study on the Combined Therapy of Sinew Acupuncture and Low\u2010Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lintong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Xuzhou Central Hospital  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Xuzhou Central Hospital  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Xuzhou Central Hospital  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Xuzhou Central Hospital  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Xuzhou Central Hospital  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunke","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Xuzhou Central Hospital  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Xuzhou Central Hospital  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032\u2010023\u201001406\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984\u2010021\u201000971\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254\u20101424.2023.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"00","article-title":"Dual Effects of Different Frequency Acupoint Stimulation on Activation and Block of Afferent Nerves","volume":"00","author":"Cao W. 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