{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:55:36Z","timestamp":1792806936120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head injury is a leading cause of mortality from falls in adults aged \u226555 years. This study assessed demographic and geographic disparities in fall\u2010related head injury mortality among United States adults from 1999 to 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide\u2010ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database using International Classification of Diseases (ICD\u201010) codes for falls (W00\u2013W19) and head injuries (S00\u2013S09). Age\u2010adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated by year, sex, race\/ethnicity, state, and urban\u2013rural status. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC). We refer to our cohort as \u201cmiddle\u2010aged and older adults (\u226555 years)\u201d on the basis of epidemiological and trauma literature identifying midlife as the stage when fall risk and adverse head injury outcomes begin to rise. Furthermore, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) 2023 trauma guidelines explicitly recognize patients aged \u226555 years as a high\u2010risk population requiring special consideration, reinforcing the clinical relevance of this cutoff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1999 and 2020, 252,750 fall\u2010related head injury deaths occurred among adults aged \u226555 years. Most deaths occurred in medical settings (69.6%), followed by homes (9.2%), long\u2010term care (8.8%), and hospices (8.7%). AAMR nearly doubled, from 9.71 to 19.85, with a steeper rise from 1999 to 2007 (APC: 6.53) and slower growth thereafter (APC: 1.92). AAMRs were higher in men (22.1) than women (11.8), and highest in adults \u226585 years (81.7). Non\u2010Hispanic (NH) Whites had the highest AAMR (16.8), followed by NH Asians\/Pacific Islanders (15.8), Hispanics (12.6), and NH Blacks (8.6). In 2020, state\u2010level AAMRs ranged from 9.5 (Alabama) to 24.0 (Wisconsin), with rural areas slightly exceeding urban ones (20.3 vs. 19.8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fall\u2010related head injury mortality in US adults aged \u226555 years has steadily increased. Tailored prevention strategies are critical to reducing these preventable deaths, particularly in high\u2010risk groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T05:59:32Z","timestamp":1762840772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trends and Disparities in Fall\u2010Related Head Injury Mortality Among Middle\u2010Aged and Older Adults (&gt;55 Years) in the United States: A 21\u2010Year National Analysis (1999\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4664-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad Ali Ahmed","family":"Cheema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Medicine International University of Kyrgyzstan  Bishkek Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1784-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. N. U.","family":"Kritika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9826-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010Nafees Medical College, Isra University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5613-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacha Khan Medical College  Mardan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9909-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiman Sattar","family":"Memon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People's University of Medical and Health Sciences  Nawabshah Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7967-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Maham","family":"Guftar Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wah Medical College  Wah Cantt. 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