{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:53:49Z","timestamp":1786636429245,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify contraindicated medications and corresponding target genes for migraine and its subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing the Genome\u2010Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for 14 medication\u2010use categories from UK Biobank and GWAS for migraine and its subtypes from FinnGen, our study revealed potential contraindicated drugs for the chronic paroxysmal neurological disorder based on Mendelian randomization (MR). Then we applied the Transcriptome\u2010wide association study (TWAS) within the framework of Omnibus Transcriptome Test using Expression Reference Summary data (OTTERS) and cross\u2010referenced three drug databases to determine the targeted genes of the identified contraindicated medications. Moreover, Summary\u2010data\u2010based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and INtegration of TWAS And ColocalizaTion (INTACT) were used as sensitivity analyses to further validate the associations and strengthen causal inference. We also performed brain\u2010tissue TWAS across 13 regions to confirm the tissue\u2010specific associations of the hub genes with migraine and its subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MR analysis revealed that the diuretics and agents that act on the renin\u2010angiotensin system were discovered to be associated with an increased risk of migraine and migraine with aura. By intersecting the results from TWAS and drug databases, 37 and 22 target genes of contraindicated medications were identified for migraine and migraine with aura, respectively. SMR and INTACT confirmed the validity of\n                      <jats:italic>BLM, C12orf76, GPATCH4, PAM, SERPINC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      for migraine, and\n                      <jats:italic>ALMS1, GPATCH4, NCF2, SLC12A1, ZKSCAN8P1<\/jats:italic>\n                      for migraine with aura. At the brain\u2010tissue level, we further validated hub gene associations: in migraine, SERPINC1, ZKSCAN8P1, C12orf76, and PAM were significant across brain regions; in migraine with aura, SERPINC1, ALMS1, ZKSCAN8P1, PAM, and NCF2 were significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified the diuretics and agents that act on the renin\u2010angiotensin system as the contraindicated medications for migraine and migraine with aura, and\n                      <jats:italic>BLM, C12orf76, GPATCH4, PAM, SERPINC<\/jats:italic>\n                      were found as the targeted genes of contraindicated drugs for migraine and\n                      <jats:italic>ALMS1, GPATCH4, NCF2, SLC12A1, ZKSCAN8P1<\/jats:italic>\n                      for migraine with aura, providing new clues for the preventive strategies for migraine and its subtypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T07:31:05Z","timestamp":1763623865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Contraindicated Medications and Corresponding Targeted Genes for Migraine Through Integrated Genetic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Nanjing Jiangning Hospital  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou 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