{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:05:17Z","timestamp":1789981517384,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder causing significant suffering and imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, this study comprehensively analyzes the current status, historical trends (1990\u20132021), and future projections of migraine burden in China and other G20 countries. The aim is to provide scientific evidence to inform evidence\u2010based health strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed GBD 2021 data to calculate migraine incidence, prevalence, disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) from 1990 to 2021. Statistical analyses characterized these metrics across age, sex, year, geographical region, and the sociodemographic index (SDI). Trends in China and other G20 countries were tracked. Future trends (2022\u20132050) were projected using exponential smoothing (ES) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. The Bayesian age\u2010period\u2010cohort (BAPC) model quantified the effects of age, period, and cohort factors on incidence, elucidating long\u2010term burden drivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine burden exhibited significant age dependency, with a bimodal age pattern. A pronounced gender disparity was evident, with females bearing a consistently higher burden across all metrics (e.g., prevalence approximately twice that of males). From 1990 to 2021, the migraine burden demonstrated a dual\u2010track trajectory: An overall increase in total burden accompanied by a widening gender gap. Predictive models project a concerning future: Without effective interventions, the migraine burden during 2030\u20132050 will feature further escalation of the gender imbalance. The BAPC model indicates a projected century\u2010long intensification of the migraine burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The migraine disease burden possesses distinct age and sex dimensions, revealing significant disparities across SDI regions, countries, age groups, and genders. The escalating burden necessitates targeted interventions and public health initiatives, particularly in regions and populations disproportionately affected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T07:01:10Z","timestamp":1765177270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Migraine Disease Burden and Trends (1990\u20132021): A Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of China and Other G20 Countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mou","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoquan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; Nanchong Central Hospital  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical College  Nanchong Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease  Nanchong Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University &amp; 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