{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:07:12Z","timestamp":1789981632291,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frontal base mixed pial\u2010dural arteriovenous malformations (MPD\u2010AVMs) are rare intracranial vascular malformations with both pial and dural components. Although they share some angioarchitectural similarities with anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas (ACF\u2010DAVFs), the two represent different pathological processes, as ACF\u2010DAVFs are supplied exclusively by dural arteries. This study provides an overview of frontal base MPD\u2010AVMs, highlighting their differences from ACF\u2010DAVFs, and discusses the therapeutic implications of their distinct angioarchitectural features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a single\u2010center case series study conducted between January 2018 and December 2024. The data of 11 patients who underwent endovascular treatment for frontal base MPD\u2010AVMs and 29 patients diagnosed with ACF\u2010DAVFs were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In patients diagnosed with MPD\u2010AVMs, all lesions were supplied by the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) and orbitofrontal artery (OFA). Flow\u2010related aneurysms in the OFA were identified in seven patients (7\/11, 63.6%), with three presenting with hemorrhagic events. Treatment approaches included transarterial embolization (TAE) in eight patients, with one requiring additional transvenous embolization (TVE). Primary TVE was employed in three patients, including two hemorrhagic patients who underwent staged treatment with initial aneurysm embolization. Complete obliteration was achieved in 72.7% of cases (8\/11), although one patient experienced postoperative hemorrhage. In patients presenting with ACF\u2010DAVFs, venous aneurysm (18\/29, 62.1%) might represent a risk factor for bleeding (13\/29, 44.8%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). In the MPD\u2010AVM group, venous aneurysms were detected in five patients (5\/11, 45.5%), but none of whom experienced hemorrhage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frontal base MPD\u2010AVMs represent distinct vascular anomalies from ACF\u2010DAVFs, often featuring anterior cerebral artery branch involvement. Tailored multi\u2010arterial endovascular strategies are crucial for optimizing outcomes and minimizing complications. Further studies with larger cohorts are essential to validate these observations and refine treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:54:45Z","timestamp":1765176885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frontal Base Mixed Pial\u2010Dural Arteriovenous Malformations: A Distinct Entity Requiring Differentiated Treatment From Anterior Cranial Fossa Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Huzhou FuYin Hospital of Huzhou University  Huzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province  Hangzhou Zhejiang 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Neurocritical Care Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhan","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation 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