{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:48:46Z","timestamp":1791564526895,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of patients with autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP\u2010A).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records and collected case data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2020 to May 2024 and retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, radiological findings, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients with autoimmune GFAP\u2010A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine eligible patients were included, predominantly male (21\/29), with acute onset in 17 patients (58.6%). Common clinical syndromes included encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed widespread lesions (21\/28). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, CSF nucleated cell count, CSF protein levels, CSF chloride, serum thyroid dysfunction, and abnormal blood cytokine levels correlated with disease severity but were not associated with prognosis. There was no correlation between CSF glucose level, serum GFAP antibody titer, CSF GFAP antibody titer, ferritin levels, human herpesvirus 4 (HHV\u20104) in the CSF, and disease severity or prognosis. No malignancies were detected in any patient before or after disease onset. Most patients (25\/29) had favorable outcomes. Immunotherapy was effective for both the short\u2010 and long\u2010term prognosis of GFAP\u2010associated disease. Non\u2010pulse steroid therapy and pulse steroid therapy showed comparable efficacy, while monoclonal antibody therapy was also potentially effective for GFAP\u2010A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:04:02Z","timestamp":1767204242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Patients With Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy (GFAP\u2010A): A Retrospective Study of 29 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuewei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yiwu Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu Central Hospital  Yiwu 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