{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:48:44Z","timestamp":1791564524159,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The U.S. population is aging with an increasing burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its frequent co\u2010occurring mental health disorders. However, mortality trends related to PD and these comorbid mental health disorders among older adults remain understudied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine trends in mortality due to PD and related mental health conditions among adults aged 45 and older in the United States from 1999 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extracted mortality data for PD and mental health\u2010related conditions among individuals aged 45 and older from the CDC WONDER database. Age\u2010adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated per 100,000 persons and stratified by sex, race\/ethnicity, census region, and urbanization status. Annual percentage changes (APCs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Joinpoint regression program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PD and its associated mental health disorders resulted in 238,378 deaths between 1999 and 2023. The AAMR increased significantly from 3.83 in 1999 to 8.49 in 2023 with an AAPC of 3.20 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005). Males consistently showed higher AAMRs than females (overall AAMR male: 11.40\u00a0vs. female: 5.75). Non\u2010Hispanic (NH) Whites had the highest mortality rates (8.67), while NH African Americans exhibited the lowest (4.66). Crude mortality rate was the highest among older adults (21.09), reflecting the greatest burden in this population. Similarly, the mortality rates were higher in nonmetropolitan areas (8.15) than the metropolitan areas (7.72). The highest AAMR was noted in the Midwest (9.18), with a standard deviation of 14.08 in Minnesota and 5.44 in Arizona. The majority of the deaths were recorded in nursing or long\u2010term care facilities (52.65%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing trend in mortality highlights the necessity of focused preventive, diagnostic, and treatment approaches for all susceptible groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:36:38Z","timestamp":1768293398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long\u2010Term Trends in Parkinson's Disease and Associated Mental Health Disorders: Insights From the CDC WONDER Database,\u00a01999\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Taha","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqas","family":"Burney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Dignity Health Methodist Hospital  Sacramento California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Napa State Hospital  Napa California USA"},{"name":"Department of Research California Institute of Research and Technology  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohaima","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Bannu Medical College  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman Osman","family":"Abufatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Medical Sciences and Technology  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Swabi  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Mukhlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Ayub Medical College  Abbottabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneezeh","family":"Khatri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research California Institute of Research and Technology  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health Crisis Text line  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norina","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Adventist Hospital  Lodi California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noorulain","family":"Aqeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Napa State Hospital  Napa California USA"},{"name":"Department of Research California Institute of Research and Technology  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry California North State University  Elk Grove California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Touro University  New York California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Shahabuddin","family":"Mollah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research California Institute of Research and Technology  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shaheer Bin","family":"Faheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"Geographic Division or Region\u2014Health United States [Internet].2024.[cited 2025 Sept 17]. 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