{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:22:59Z","timestamp":1787602979570,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite observational studies suggesting a link between asthma and delirium, establishing a definitive causal relationship has been challenging. This study aims to investigate the genetic causality between these conditions, with a particular focus on age\u2010related genetic associations\u00a0using data from large\u2010scale genome\u2010wide association studies (GWASs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bidirectional two\u2010sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses were performed using GWAS summary statistics to evaluate the genetic association between asthma (overall, adult\u2010onset, childhood\u2010onset, and age at asthma diagnosis) and delirium. The inverse variance\u2010weighted (IVW) method was the primary analytic approach, supplemented by weighted median, weighted mode, and MR\u2010Egger methods. Multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) analyses were conducted to adjust for major confounders, including smoking, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, and education. Sensitivity analyses included MR\u2010Egger regression, MR\u2010PRESSO outlier tests, Cochran's Q for heterogeneity, and leave\u2010one\u2010out analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary MR analyses found no evidence of a significant genetic causal relationship between asthma and delirium in either direction (asthma to delirium: IVW OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.79\u20131.32,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.86; delirium to asthma: IVW OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99\u20131.11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13). Age\u2010stratified MR analyses for adult\u2010onset and childhood\u2010onset asthma, as well as age at asthma diagnosis, also showed no significant associations with delirium risk. In MVMR analyses adjusting for smoking, BMI, alcohol intake, and education, the direct effects of asthma and its subtypes on delirium, and of delirium on asthma phenotypes, remained non\u2010significant (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results, with no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These comprehensive bidirectional MR and MVMR analyses do not support a genetic causal association between asthma and delirium, even after adjusting for key confounders and across age\u2010related asthma subtypes. These findings suggest that previously observed associations may be attributable to non\u2010genetic factors. Future studies integrating clinical and biomarker data are warranted to further explore these relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T09:11:01Z","timestamp":1769591461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age\u2010Related Genetic Causal Association Between Asthma and Delirium: A Bidirectional Two\u2010Sample Mendelian Randomization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Weifang People's Hospital  Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangquan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Weifang People's Hospital  Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Weifang People's Hospital  Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.101027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm195105102441903"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.11.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134\u2010024\u201007388\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15555.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2085883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2022.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2019.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201021952\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(13)60688\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18\u20102\u2010s36"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"Kurki M. 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