{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:59:30Z","timestamp":1791561570380,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to assess the olfactory system of patients with T2DM using the cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a retrospective case\u2013control study in which a group of T2DM patients and a control group were compared. The results of the examinations of the olfactory systems of the patients by cranial MRI were transferred to a data collection form. Descriptive statistical methods, chi\u2010squared tests, the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It was determined that 66.7% of the case group were women, the mean age of the patients in the group was 52.50 \u00b1 7.41, and their mean T2DM diagnosis duration was 6.48 \u00b1 3.18 years. There were statistically significant differences between the case and control groups in terms of their olfactory bulb volume (OBV), olfactory tract length (OTL), and olfactory sulcus depth (OS) values. Longer T2DM durations and elevated HbA1c levels were significantly associated with structural disorders of the olfactory system (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longer duration of T2DM and elevated HbA1c levels trigger the structural disorders of the olfactory system. In comparison to healthy controls, we identified prominent changes in the olfactory bulb volumes, olfactory tract lengths, and olfactory sulcus depths of T2DM patients. This reveals the need for T2DM patients to pay more attention to their diet and insulin treatment. Similarly, olfactory dysfunction in T2DM patients should be carefully monitored by clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:25:48Z","timestamp":1768548348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case\u2013Controlled Clinical Assessment of the Olfactory System via Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4320-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aski","family":"Vural","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Adiyaman University  Adiyaman Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5996-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erman","family":"Altuni\u015fik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Gaziantep City Health Application and Research Center Health Sciences University  Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suat Kamil","family":"Sut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Sincan Training and Research Hospital  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukru","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Elaz\u0131\u011f Fethi Sekin Training and Research Hospital  Elaz\u0131\u011f Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Haydar","family":"Baykan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Adiyaman University  Adiyaman Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of the Olfactory Bulb Volume and the Olfactory Tract Length Between Patients Diagnosed With Essential Tremor and Healthy Controls: Findings in Favor of Neurodegeneration","volume":"11","author":"Altunisik E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Evidence for a Role of Metformin in Preventing Olfactory Dysfunction Among Older Adults","volume":"62","author":"Assi S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"396","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in Pediatric Epilepsy: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","volume":"29","author":"Baykan A. H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18071\/isz.74.0117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.773309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5029-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00001-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(00)70161-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-940108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714520956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"NCHS Data Briefs","author":"Gwira J. A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.6.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00729-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813477606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2019.102365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.6.934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frdem.2024.1418037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0280-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1123-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001162"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"3440","article-title":"Defining the Burden of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID\u201019 Patients","volume":"24","author":"Ralli M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/jdr\/9933957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2018.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"Reyes H. F.2025. \u201cAssessing Olfactory Function as a Predictor of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease Risk.\u201d Master's thesis San Diego State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1797-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Olfactory Bulb Volume in the Clinical Assessment of Olfactory Dysfunction","volume":"47","author":"Rombaux P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61032-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714526971"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90005-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7231"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13542"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71210","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.71210","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:48:02Z","timestamp":1791560882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.71210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.71210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.71210","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71210"}}